Table 1.
Characteristics of CTN Trial Participants and Mortalities
| Characteristic | Category | Number of participants (%) |
Number of deaths |
Risk Time (PY) |
Crude Mortality Rates(95% CI, per 100,000 PY) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Overall | 9866 | 49 (0.5%) |
4730 | 1036 (766- 1370) |
| Sex * | Male | 5737 (58.2) | 28 | 2602 | 1076 (715- 1555) |
| Female | 4121 (41.8) | 21 | 2124 | 988 (612- 1511) |
|
|
Age
*
(37.1±10.2) |
<18 | 677 (6.9) | 6 | 508 | 1181 (433- 2572) |
| 18-24 | 1449 (14.7) | 4 | 654 | 611 (167- 1565) |
|
| 25-34 | 2469 (25.0) | 11 | 1078 | 1020 (509- 1826) |
|
| 35-44 | 2811 (28.5) | 9 | 1313 | 686 (314- 1301) |
|
| 45-54 | 2046 (20.7) | 13 | 982 | 1324 (705- 2263) |
|
| ≥55 | 406 (4.1) | 6 | 192 | 3122 (1145- 6795) |
|
| Race * | White | 5151 (52.2) | 32 | 2427 | 1318 (902- 1861) |
| Others | 2374 (24.1) | 7 | 1161 | 603 (242- 1243) |
|
| Black (African American) | 2318 (23.5) | 10 | 1133 | 883 (424- 1623) |
|
| Ethnicity * | Non-Hispanic | 8151 (82.6) | 44 | 3893 | 1130 (821- 1517) |
| Hispanic | 1711 (17.3) | 5 | 835 | 599 (194- 1398) |
|
|
Baseline
primary drug/alcohol |
Opioid | 2592 (26.3) | 12 | 1125 | 1067 (551- 1863) |
| Multi- drug/substance/alcohol |
2364 (24.0) | 18 | 1313 | 1371 (813- 2166) |
|
| Stimulant | 1736 (17.6) | 6 | 794 | 756 (277- 1645) |
|
| All Others* | 3069 (31.1) | 13 | 1471 | 883 (470- 1511) |
|
|
Cause of
death |
Cause | Cases | |||
|
SUD-related
or likely SUD related (40.8%) |
Overdose | 9 | |||
| Alcoholism | 1 | ||||
| Substance abuse | 2 | ||||
| Suicide | 2 | ||||
| Gunshot wound | 1 | ||||
| Head injury | 1 | ||||
| Road traffic accident | 1 | ||||
| Toxicity to various agents | 3 | ||||
|
Unlikely SUD-
related (30.6%) |
Cardiac failure, Congestive cardiac failure, Deep vein thrombosis, Dehydration, Endocarditis, Jaundice, Lung neoplasm malignant, Neoplasm malignant, Renal failure |
9 (1 case for each cause) |
|||
| Pre-existing disease | 3 | ||||
| Myocardial infarction | 3 | ||||
|
Unknown
cause, but unlikely SUD- related (28.6%) |
Death with unknown cause but unrelated to study intervention or drug abuse |
14 |
*
8 participants with unknown gender and age, 23 with unknown race, 4 with unknown ethnicity, 105 with unknown primary substance(s). “All Others” includes cannabis, alcohol, sedative/hypnotics/tranquilizers and no problem at baseline.