Table 1.
Characteristics of liquid products from HTL of lignocellulosic biomass
| Items | This studya | Zhu et al. [23] | Yoshida et al. [28] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Feedstock | Cornstalk | Cornstalk | Beech wood |
| HTL conditions b | 260 °C, 20% | 260 °C, 10% | 380 °C, 3% |
| Aqueous products | |||
| Reducing sugars (mg/L) | 11.344 ± 3.011 | 5.991 ± 0.410 | – |
| Total inorganic carbon (mg/L) | 0.135 ± 0.002 | – | – |
| Total organic carbon (mg/L) | 28.600 ± 1.335 | 18.725 ± 1.033 | – |
| Total nitrogen (mg/L) | 1.045 ± 0.086 | – | – |
| COD (mg/L) | 76.192 ± 1.557 | 34.256 ± 0.880 | – |
| Formic acid (mg/L) | 8.509 ± 1.542 | 2.320 ± 0.560 | 0.100–0.900 |
| Lactic acid (mg/L) | 9.758 ± 1.392 | 4.830 ± 0.140 | 0.300–5.400 |
| Acetic acid (mg/L) | 22.336 ± 2.476 | 8.680 ± 0.740 | 6.600–13.500 |
| Propionic acid (mg/L) | 2.730 ± 0.856 | 7.280 ± 0.580 | – |
| Butyric acid (mg/L) | 9.072 ± 2.136 | 1.780 ± 0.370 | – |
| 5-HMF (mg/L) | 1.350 ± 0.300 | 0.140 ± 0.010 | 0–3.700 |
| Furfural (mg/L) | 0.143 ± 0.042 | 1.850 ± 0.050 | 0.100–4.400 |
aa ± b represents the mean and standard deviation calculated from n ≥ 3
bRepresents the HTL temperature X °C and total solid content Y%