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. 2016 Nov 21;15:189. doi: 10.1186/s12939-016-0471-0

Table 2.

Crude rates of major cardiovascular disease (CVD), myocardial infarction and stroke events and adjusted hazard ratios (HR), by education, in those with and without prior CVD

No prior major CVD Prior major CVD
Events/pya Crude ratesb Adjusted HRc (95% CI) Events/pya Crude ratesb Adjusted HRc (95% CI)
Major CVD
 45–64 years
  No qualifications 776/62450 12.43 1.62 (1.49–1.77) 644/12269 52.49 1.49 (1.34–1.65)
  Cert./diploma/trade 4663/505833 9.22 1.27 (1.20–1.35) 2630/63613 41.34 1.17 (1.08–1.27)
  University degree 1669/236864 7.05 1.00 795/22087 35.99 1.00
   p (test for trend) < 0.0001 < 0.0001
 65–79 years
  No qualifications 1171/41,502 28.22 1.13 (1.04–1.23) 1672/19615 85.24 1.24 (1.15–1.34)
  Cert./diploma/trade 4830/178362 27.08 1.11 (1.04–1.18) 5929/72579 81.69 1.17 (1.10–1.24)
  University degree 1123/44967 24.97 1.00 1147/15962 71.86 1.00
   p (test for trend) 0.0032 < 0.0001
 ≥ 80 years
 No qualifications 744/11810 63.00 1.11 (0.99–1.25) 1338/9213 145.23 1.15 (1.06–1.26)
 Cert./diploma/trade 2300/39396 58.38 0.99 (0.90–1.10) 4400/32563 135.12 1.07 (0.99–1.15)
 University degree 483/7912 61.05 1.00 871/6666 130.67 1.00
p (test for trend) 0.0402 0.0009
Myocardial infarction
 45–64 years
  No qualifications 142/64112 2.21 2.31 (1.87–2.85) 103/13973 7.37 2.57 (1.9–3.47)
  Cert/diploma/trade 813/516122 1.58 1.68 (1.45–1.95) 351/70833 4.96 1.69 (1.31–2.17)
  University degree 227/240648 0.94 1.00 74/24280 3.05 1.00
   p (test for trend) <.0001 <.0001
 65–79 years
 No qualifications 201/44059 4.56 1.62 (1.3–2.01) 285/23645 12.05 1.79 (1.46–2.20)
 Cert./diploma/trade 756/188974 4.00 1.44 (1.2–1.72) 824/87810 9.38 1.36 (1.14–1.63)
 University degree 138/47538 2.90 1.00 137/19134 7.16 1.00
p (test for trend) < .0001 < .0001
 ≥ 80 years
 No qualifications 157/13017 12.06 1.37 (1.05–1.80) 274/11678 23.46 1.38 (1.13–1.68)
 Cert./diploma/trade 470/43431 10.82 1.18 (0.93–1.49) 806/40975 19.67 1.14 (0.95–1.35)
 University degree 85/8812 9.65 1.00 154/8424 18.28 1.00
p (test for trend) 0.0164 0.0010
Stroke
 45–64 years
  No qualifications 97/64333 1.51 1.48 (1.16–1.87) 78/14046 5.55 1.97 (1.42–2.74)
  Cert./diploma/trade 601/516740 1.16 1.21 (1.03–1.41) 275/70991 3.87 1.38 (1.06–1.81)
  University degree 224/240687 0.93 1.00 67/24376 2.75 1.00
   p (test for trend) 0.0009 < .0001
 65–79 years
 No qualifications 203/44046 4.61 1.08 (0.88–1.31) 290/23614 12.28 1.29 (1.07–1.55)
 Cert./diploma/trade 846/188872 4.48 1.09 (0.93–1.28) 940/87274 10.77 1.13 (0.96–1.32)
 University degree 191/47433 4.03 1.00 182/18963 9.6 1.00
p (test for trend) 0.4795 0.0067
 ≥ 80 years
 No qualifications 189/12917 14.63 1.08 (0.85–1.36) 320/11548 27.71 1.44 (1.18–1.76)
 Cert./diploma/trade 604/43098 14.01 1.02 (0.84–1.24) 991/40330 24.57 1.32 (1.11–1.57)
 University degree 120/8728 13.75 1.00 151/8347 18.09 1.00
p (test for trend) 0.4983 0.0006

aEvents = incident hospital admission or death and py = person years of follow-up. bRates are per 1000 person-years. cHRs adjusted for age and sex