Table 1.

Physician Characteristics and Work Hours Distribution

	All doctors (N = 2423)		Work hours (N = 2423)
	N	%	Mean	SD	P value
Dependent Variables
Leave hospital					P < 0.001
mild	1328	54.8	58.3	19.3
moderate	744	30.7	60.1	19.3
strong	351	14.5	64.9	22.3
Independent Variables
Work hours			59.8	19.9
< =48	718	29.6
49–59	603	24.9
60–88	895	36.9
> =89	207	8.5
Age					P < 0.001
35–49	1702	70.2	60.9	20.3
> =50	721	29.8	57.2	18.5
Gender					P < 0.001
male	2026	83.6	60.8	19.8
female	397	16.4	54.7	19.4
Marital status					P = 0.058
unmarried	213	8.8	58.9	19.8
married	2136	88.2	59.7	19.5
Others	74	3.1	65.1	28.3
Seniority at current hospital					P = 0.247
< =1 year	210	8.7	59.4	22.0
2–5 years	533	22.0	61.1	20.4
> 5 years	1680	69.3	59.5	19.4
Clinical setting (1)					P < 0.001
others	1624	67.0	56.8	17.8
surgery or delivery room	799	33.0	66.0	22.3
Clinical setting (2)					P < 0.001
others	1652	68.2	57.4	18.6
emergency or ICU	771	31.8	65.0	21.5
Supervisor					P = 0.231
supervisor	879	36.3	60.5	19.1
on-Supervisor	1544	63.7	59.5	20.3
Accredited hospital level					P < 0.001
district hospital	159	6.6	54.4	16.3
regional hospital	1711	70.6	58.8	19.5
medical center	553	22.8	64.4	21.2
Hospital ownership					P = 0.008
public hospital	901	37.2	58.4	18.7
private hospital	1522	62.8	60.6	20.5
Health Promoting Hospital (HPH) status					P = 0.396
Non-HPH	1057	43.6	60.4	20.0
HPH	805	33.2	59.4	19.6
Exemplary HPH	561	23.2	59.2	20.0
Health status					P < 0.001
good	510	21.1	57.6	19.0
moderate	1471	60.7	59.8	19.7
bad	442	18.2	62.6	21.0
Pay satisfaction					P < 0.001
good	452	18.7	56.1	16.8
moderate	1244	51.3	58.8	19.1
bad	727	30.0	63.8	22.2
Job satisfaction					P < 0.001
good	1804	74.5	58.3	18.6
bad	619	25.6	64.3	22.5