Table 1.

Individual-level factor descriptive statistics and associations with condom use versus non-use during anal sex events

	Participants		Anal Sex Events (ASE)		Condom-protected ASE		Univariate Associations			Multivariate Associations*
	n	%	n	%	n	%	OR	95% CI		AOR	95% CI
Age Categories
18–29	267	51.0	666	55.7	411	61.9	Ref
30–44	165	31.5	362	30.3	174	26.2	0.55	0.38	0.81
45+	92	17.6	168	14.1	79	11.9	0.54	0.32	0.91
Sexual Orientation
Gay	445	84.9	1051	87.9	580	87.4	Ref
Bisexual	45	8.6	83	6.9	41	6.2	0.87	0.46	1.67
Other	34	6.5	62	5.2	43	6.5	2.04	0.93	4.47
Race/Ethnicity
White	390	74.4	900	75.3	488	73.5	Ref
Asian	60	11.5	123	10.3	80	12.1	1.52	0.86	2.67
Aboriginal	29	5.5	53	4.4	25	3.8	0.64	0.28	1.50
Other	45	8.6	120	10.0	71	10.7	1.08	0.60	1.94
Annual Income ($CAD)
<$30,000	313	59.7	694	58.0	414	62.4	Ref			Ref
≥$30,000	211	40.3	502	42.0	250	37.7	0.64	0.45	0.91	0.65	0.46	0.93
Relationship status
Not partnered	323	61.6	769	64.3	459	69.1	Ref
Partnered, but not married/common law	110	21.0	250	20.9	134	20.2	0.74	0.48	1.14
Partnered, and married/common law	91	17.4	177	14.8	71	10.7	0.38	0.24	0.63
Last HIV test
<6 months ago	198	48.4	542	58.3	294	56.5	Ref
6 months – 2 years ago	151	36.9	283	30.4	168	32.3	1.17	0.77	1.80
>2 years ago	33	8.1	53	5.7	29	5.6	0.99	0.44	2.23
Never tested	27	6.6	52	5.6	29	5.6	0.92	0.40	2.09
Prevention practices (mutually exclusive; referent: don’t use)
Consistent condoms “Always using condoms for anal sex”	335	64.4	739	62.2	526	79.3	6.48	4.59	9.14	4.04	2.74	5.95
Strategic positioning “Being the top for anal sex”	138	26.5	344	29.0	149	22.5	0.48	0.33	0.70
Anal abstinence “Having sex which doesn’t include anal sex”	258	49.6	477	40.2	269	40.6	1.09	0.77	1.55
Sero-sorting “Having anal sex without condoms only with guys I know are HIV- negative”	182	35.0	476	40.1	192	29.0	0.31	0.22	0.44	0.50	0.35	0.73
Withdrawal “Not letting my sex partners cum inside me”	146	28.1	354	29.8	192	29.0	0.93	0.64	1.36
Ask Status “Asking my sex partners about their HIV status before sex”	326	62.7	793	66.8	418	63.1	0.73	0.51	1.06
TasP awareness: “heard of the term treatment as prevention”
No	299	57.2	699	58.5	381	57.5	Ref
Yes	224	42.8	496	41.5	282	42.5	1.15	0.81	1.63
TasP-related prevention practice: “Having anal sex without condoms with HIV-positive guys who have low viral loads or are on HIV treatment”
Yes	469	90.2	1028	86.5	625	94.3	Ref
No	51	9.8	160	13.5	38	5.7	0.18	0.10	0.31
TasP-related attitude: “Knowing a sex partner’s viral load is just as important as knowing their HIV status”
Disagree	163	31.8	357	30.6	220	33.6	Ref			Ref
Agree	349	68.2	811	69.4	434	66.4	0.75	0.51	1.09	0.70	0.47	1.03
Psychosocial factors (mutually exclusive)	median	Q1,Q3	median	Q1,Q3	median	Q1,Q3	OR	95% CI		AOR	95% CI
Treatment Optimism	24	20, 27	24	20, 27	23	20, 25	0.90	0.87	0.93
Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale	30	28, 33	31	28, 34	30	28, 33	0.90	0.86	0.94
Escape Motivation	28	24, 32	29	25, 33	28	24, 32	0.96	0.93	0.98	0.96	0.93	0.99
Sexual Altruism – Personal	3.57	3, 4	3.43	3, 4	3.57	3, 4	2.25	1.60	3.16
Sexual Altruism – Communal	3.67	3, 4	3.50	3, 4	3.67	3, 4	2.35	1.80	3.08	1.64	1.22	2.21
HAD – Anxiety	8	5, 10	8	5, 10	8	5, 10	1.03	0.99	1.08
HAD – Depression	3	1, 6	3	1, 5	3	2, 6	1.05	1.00	1.11

95% CI = 95% confidence interval; OR = odds ratio; $CAD = Canadian dollars; Q1,Q3 = first quartile, third quartile values. Bolded text indicates statistical significant at p<0.05.

^*The multivariable model also includes event-level factors listed in Table 2.