Table 3.

Geographical information, phylogenic lineage, drug resistance pattern, and their association with strain clustering

Variables	Unique strains (n)	Clustered strains (n)	COR (95% CI)	p-value*	AOR (95% CI)	p-value$
Regions
Oromia	14	2	1
SNNPRS	32	17	3.72(0.76,18.31)	0.11	6.19 (0.92,41.83)	0.06
Dire Dawa	7	3	3.00(0.40,22.30)	0.28	3.98(0.35,44.90)	0.26
Harar	11	3	1.91(0.27,13.50)	0.52	1.36(0.15,12.70)	0.79
Somali	11	9	5.73(1.02,32.10)	0.04	8.76(1.07,71.88)	0.04
Lineage
Delhi/CAS	14	4	1
Ethiopia_H37Rv like	23	7	1.07(0.26,4.31)	0.93	1.20(0.28,5.20)	0.81
Euro-American Superlineage	11	6	1.91(0.43,8.48)	0.40	1.76(0.37,8.41)	0.48
LAM	2	2	3.50(0.37,33.31)	0.28	5.46(0.46,64.04)	0.18
Ethiopia_3	8	10	4.38(1.03,18.63)	0.05	8.72(1.69,45.02)	0.01
Haarlem	3	5	5.83(0.95,35.72)	0.06	7.88(0.98,63.23)	0.05
Others	14	0	-	-
Streptomycin
Resistant	13	4	1
Susceptible	61	29	1.55(0.46,5.150)	0.48	NA	NA
Isoniazide
Resistant	7	1	1
Susceptible	68	33	3.39(0.40,28.76)	0.26	NA	NA
Rifampicin
Resistant	5	1	1
Susceptible	70	33	2.36(0.26,20.98)	0.44	NA	NA
Ethambutol
Resistant	4	1	1
Susceptible	70	33	1.89(0.20,17.54)	0.58	NA	NA
MDR
Yes	3	1	1
No	72	33	1.37(0.14,13.72)	0.79	NA	NA
Any resistance
Yes	19	4	1
No	56	30	2.54(0.79,8.16)	0.12	NA	NA

n = numbers of clustered (i.e., isolates sharing identical MIRU-24 and spoligotyping patterns with at least one other isolate) or unique (i.e., isolates that do not share their MIRU-24 and spoligotyping pattern with any other isolate) strains in each stratum

COR = crude odds ratio

AOR = adjusted odds ratio: significant variables in the crude analysis were adjusted for age, region and genotype

NA = not applicable

* = p-value for univariate regression model

^$ = p-value for multivariate regression model