Table 2. Phenotypic changes of B. rapa R-o-18 plants after herbivory and MeJA treatment.

	Control—Herbivory		Control—MeJA		Herbivory—MeJA
Plant trait	change	P value	Change	P value	change	P value
Plant Height	↓	0.002	-	0.239	↑	0.027
Bud Number	-	0.417	-	0.176	↓	0.044
Flower Number	↓	0.006	-	0.874	↑	0.006
Flower Diameter	↓	< 0.001	-	0.085	↑	0.011
Flower Spacing	↓	0.041	-	0.290	-	0.290
Inflorescence Volume	↓	0.016	-	0.209	-	0.209
p-Anisaldehyde	-	0.420	↓	< 0.001	↓	< 0.001
Benzaldehyde	-	0.380	↓	< 0.001	↓	< 0.001
Methylbenzoate	-	0.970	↓	< 0.001	↓	< 0.001
Camphor	-	0.753	↓	< 0.001	↓	0.001
Z-α-Farnesene	-	0.292	↓	0.014	-	0.117
Z-3-Hexenyl acetate	-	0.158	↑	< 0.001	↑	0.003
Benzylnitrile	↓	0.013	↓	< 0.001	↓	0.001
Methylanthranilate	↓	< 0.001	↓	< 0.001	↓	0.001

Post-hoc multiple comparisons show a different impact of herbivory and MeJA on the B. rapa R-o-18 phenotype. While herbivory treatment mainly decreased morphological traits, the application of MeJA changed floral volatile emission. Emission of the nitrogenous compounds benzylnitrile and methylanthranilate was reduced under both treatments. Arrow up: trait increase, arrow down: trait decrease, dash: no trait change, P value of significant changes in bold (α = 0.05).