Table 2. Association between dairy products and ovarian cancer risk in AACESa.
|
Cases (n=490) |
Controls (n=656) |
Model 1b |
Model 2c |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
|
Total dairy (serving per week) | ||||||||
| Q1 (⩽2.6) | 103 | 21.0 | 168 | 25.6 | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref |
| Q2 (2.7–4.7) | 144 | 29.4 | 167 | 25.5 | 1.41 | 1.01, 1.98 | 1.48 | 1.04, 2.11 |
| Q3 (4.8–8.3) | 118 | 24.1 | 157 | 23.9 | 1.22 | 0.85, 1.75 | 1.32 | 0.91, 1.92 |
| Q4 (⩾8.4) | 125 | 25.5 | 164 | 25.0 | 1.37 | 0.90, 2.08 | 1.48 | 0.95, 2.28 |
| P for trend | 0.36 |
0.25 |
||||||
|
Milk (serving per week) | ||||||||
| Q1 (⩽0.8) | 103 | 21.0 | 161 | 24.5 | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref |
| Q2 (0.9–1.7) | 121 | 24.7 | 161 | 24.5 | 1.15 | 0.81, 1.64 | 1.20 | 0.83, 1.74 |
| Q3 (1.8–4.1) | 139 | 28.4 | 173 | 26.4 | 1.22 | 0.86, 1.72 | 1.20 | 0.83, 1.75 |
| Q4 (⩾4.2) | 127 | 25.9 | 161 | 24.5 | 1.26 | 0.85, 1.88 | 1.34 | 0.87, 2.05 |
| P for trend | 0.38 |
0.30 |
||||||
|
Whole milk (serving per week) | ||||||||
| Non-consumer | 356 | 72.7 | 511 | 77.9 | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref |
| ⩽2.3 | 56 | 11.4 | 73 | 11.1 | 1.13 | 0.77, 1.66 | 1.20 | 0.68, 2.12 |
| >2.3 | 78 | 15.9 | 72 | 11.0 | 1.61 | 1.10, 2.35 | 1.85 | 1.05, 3.27 |
| P for trend | 0.01 |
0.02 |
||||||
|
Skim/low-fat milk (serving per week) | ||||||||
| Non-consumer | 178 | 36.3 | 209 | 31.9 | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref |
| ⩽2.0 | 157 | 32.0 | 229 | 34.9 | 0.82 | 0.61, 1.11 | 1.11 | 0.69, 1.77 |
| >2.0 | 155 | 31.6 | 218 | 33.2 | 0.84 | 0.63, 1.12 | 1.06 | 0.66, 1.70 |
| P for trend | 0.35 |
0.98 |
||||||
|
Cheese (serving per week) | ||||||||
| Q1 (⩽0.9) | 116 | 23.7 | 159 | 24.2 | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref |
| Q2 (1.0–1.7) | 119 | 24.3 | 158 | 24.1 | 1.08 | 0.76, 1.52 | 1.10 | 0.76, 1.58 |
| Q3 (1.8–3.1) | 129 | 26.3 | 174 | 26.5 | 1.09 | 0.77, 1.54 | 1.18 | 0.82, 1.71 |
| Q4 (⩾3.2) | 126 | 25.7 | 165 | 25.2 | 1.19 | 0.79, 1.79 | 1.25 | 0.81, 1.92 |
| P for trend | 0.42 |
0.34 |
||||||
|
Yogurt (serving per week) | ||||||||
| Non-consumer | 213 | 43.5 | 263 | 40.1 | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref |
| <0.5 | 144 | 29.4 | 218 | 33.2 | 0.82 | 0.62, 1.09 | 0.84 | 0.62, 1.13 |
| ⩾0.5 | 133 | 27.1 | 175 | 26.6 | 0.95 | 0.70, 1.27 | 0.93 | 0.67, 1.28 |
| P for trend | 0.96 | 0.88 | ||||||
Abbreviations: AACES=African American Cancer Epidemiology Study; CI=confidence interval; OR=odds ratio.
Exposures were categorised into quartiles based on the distribution of controls. For exposures with >25% non-consumers, they were categorised into non-consumers, below or above the median of consumption based on controls' distributions.
Model 1 adjusted for age, region, and total energy intake.
Model 2 further adjusted for education, parity, oral contraceptive use, menopausal status, tubal ligation, family history of breast/ovarian cancer, daylight hours spent outdoors in summer months, pigmentation, recreational physical activity, body mass index, supplemental calcium intake, and mutually adjusted for other types of dairy products when applicable.