Table 3. Multivariate analyses of total OS, post-first-line OS, and survival time from the start of second-line therapy to death (OS2).

Covariatea	HR (95% CI)	P-value
Total OS (includes treated patients with or without a 2L therapy; n=741)
Treatment group (nab-P+Gem vs Gem alone)	0.63 (0.54–0.74)	<0.001
2L therapy (with vs without)	0.50 (0.43–0.59)	<0.001
NLR at baseline (⩽5 vs >5)	0.59 (0.50–0.69)	<0.001
KPS at baseline (70–80 vs 90–100)	1.33 (1.13–1.55)	<0.001
Presence of liver metastasis (yes vs no)	1.50 (1.22–1.85)	<0.001
CA19-9 level at baseline (continuous)	1.16 (1.05–1.29)	0.005
Age at baseline (<65 vs ⩾65 years)	0.88 (0.75–1.02)	0.089
Post-1L OS (includes treated patients with or without a 2L therapy; n=793)
Treatment group (nab-P+Gem vs Gem alone)	0.73 (0.63–0.85)	<0.001
2L therapy (with vs without)	0.47 (0.40–0.54)	<0.001
NLR at end of 1L (⩽5 vs >5)	0.60 (0.52–0.70)	<0.001
KPS at end of 1L
90–100 vs ⩽60	0.46 (0.37–0.57)	<0.001
70–80 vs ⩽60	0.57 (0.47–0.70)	<0.001
PFS, months (⩾4.4 vs <4.4)b	0.78 (0.67–0.91)	0.002
Geographic region (North America vs others)	0.86 (0.74–1.00)	0.051
OS2 (only patients who received 2L therapy; n=346)
Number of metastatic sites	1.15 (1.02–1.29)	0.018
NLR at end of 1L (⩽5 vs >5)	0.76 (0.60–0.97)	0.027
KPS at end of 1L
90–100 vs ⩽60	0.53 (0.35–0.81)	0.003
70–80 vs ⩽60	0.66 (0.44–1.00)	0.052

Abbreviations: CA19-9=carbohydrate antigen 19-9; Gem=gemcitabine; HR=hazard ratio; KPS=Karnofsky performance status; nab-P=nab-paclitaxel; NLR=neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PFS=progression-free survival; CI=confidence interval; OS=overall survival; 2L=second-line; 1L=first-line.

^aCovariates tested for each multivariate analysis are listed in the Materials and Methods section.

^bIn this study, the median PFS for the entire intention-to-treat population was 4.4 months.