Table 1.
Baseline sociodemographic, clinical, work-related and cognitive characteristics
| Variables, mean (sd) | Young adults | Medium-age adults | Old adults | F | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Premorbid IQ | 106 (6.51) | 103.53 (5.63) | 106.50 (6.29) | 1.03 | 0.368 |
| Years of education | 12.43 (2.44) | 13.07 (2.58) | 13.61 (1.82) | 0.75 | 0.480 |
| Clinical variables | |||||
| Duration of illness, years | 15.86 (6.31) | 21.27 (11.0) | 34.22 (13.90) | 8.06 | 0.001 |
| Number of hospitalizations | 3.29 (2.43) | 3.07 (2.97) | 2 (2.20) | 0.99 | 0.379 |
| Total CPZE | 257.14 (252.37) | 200 (428.54) | 262.96 (654.31) | 0.06 | 0.938 |
| PANSS Positive symptoms | 13.86 (7.71) | 12.73 (4.67) | 11.33 (4.81) | 0.64 | 0.532 |
| PANSS Negative symptoms | 12.14 (3.98) | 11.73 (3.92) | 13.44 (5.81) | 0.53 | 0.591 |
| PANSS General symptoms | 29.29 (9.45) | 28.71 (5.01) | 27.72 (8.33) | 0.13 | 0.876 |
| HDRS Depressive symptoms | 15.71 (9.01) | 19.40 (8.97) | 15.83 (10.15) | 0.67 | 0.519 |
| Work-related variables | |||||
| Number of years worked during adult life | 5.86 (3.63) | 14.23 (6.70) | 27.19 (11.66) | 16.55 | <0.001 |
| Months worked in past 5 years | 23.14 (17.61) | 18.71 (17.99) | 29.83 (20.79) | 1.33 | 0.277 |
| Cognitive domains a | |||||
| Processing speed | 0.02 (0.29) | −0.08 (0.58) | 0.03 (0.48) | 0.23 | 0.797 |
| Attention/vigilance | 0.65 (0.53) | 0.02 (0.84) | −0.05 (0.81) | 2.10 | 0.137 |
| Spatial working memory | 0.57 (0.94) | 0.03 (0.67) | −0.28 (0.96) | 2.55 | 0.092 |
| Learning | 0.47 (0.47) | −0.42 (0.71) | −0.46 (0.88) | 4.12 | 0.024 |
| Executive functioning | 0.06 (0.24) | −0.09 (0.30) | −0.06 (0.25) | 0.78 | 0.465 |
| Prospective memory | 0.62 (0.58) | −0.15 (0.94) | −0.26 (0.85) | 2.78 | 0.075 |
| Global composite score | 0.40 (0.35) | −0.12 (0.35) | −0.19 (0.44) | 6.07 | 0.005 |
Abbreviations: IQ = intelligence quotient; CPZE = Chlorpromazine equivalence; PANSS = Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; HDRS = Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.
a
Standardized raw scores.