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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am Heart J. 2016 Aug 12;181:43–51. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2016.08.002

Table 2.

Incidence rates and adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for coronary heart disease events, myocardial infarction and fatal coronary heart disease events according to diabetes and prevalent coronary heart disease status at baseline

Prevalent
CHD only§ 		Diabetes
only‖ 		Diabetes and
prevalent CHD		 Neither diabetes nor
prevalent CHD
CHD
Number of
events 		332 248 272 533
Person-years of
follow up 		16,654 21,993 7,703 99,848
Incidence rate
(95% CI)* 		19.9 (17.8,
22.0)		 11.3 (9.9,
12.7)		 35.3 (31.1, 39.5) 5.3 (4.9, 5.8)
Hazard Ratio
(95% CI)† 		1.0
(Reference)		 0.74
(0.62,
0.87)		 1.95 (1.66, 2.29) 0.36 (0.31, 0.42)
Hazard Ratio
(95% CI)‡ 		1.0
(Reference)		 0.65
(0.54,
0.77)		 1.54 (1.30, 1.83) 0.41 (0.35, 0.47)
MI
Number of
events 		238 184 192 405
Person-years of
follow up 		16,654 21,993 7,703 99,848
Incidence rate
(95% CI)* 		14.3 (12.5,
16.1)		 8.4 (7.2,
9.6)		 24.9 (21.4, 28.4) 4.1 (3.7, 4.5)
Hazard Ratio
(95% CI)† 		1.0
(Reference)		 0.79
(0.65,
0.97)		 1.95 (1.61, 2.37) 0.38 (0.32, 0.45)
Hazard Ratio
(95% CI)‡ 		1.0
(Reference)		 0.70
(0.57,
0.87)		 1.54 (1.26, 1.89) 0.43 (0.36, 0.51)
Fatal CHD
Number of
events 		132 86 112 176
Person-years of
follow up 		16,654 21,993 7,703 99,848
Incidence rate
(95% CI)* 		7.9 (6.6, 9.3) 3.9 (3.1,
4.7)		 14.5 (11.8, 17.2) 1.8 (1.5, 2.0)
Hazard Ratio
(95% CI)† 		1.0
(Reference)		 0.62
(0.47,
0.83)		 2.02 (1.56, 2.60) 0.31 (0.25, 0.40)
Hazard Ratio
(95% CI)‡ 		1.0
(Reference)		 0.53
(0.40,
0.71)		 1.57 (1.20, 2.06) 0.34 (0.27, 0.44)

Abbreviations: CHD, coronary heart disease events; MI, myocardial infarction; CHD only; prevalent coronary heart disease; diabetes and CHD, diabetes and prevalent coronary heart disease; neither diabetes nor CHD, neither diabetes nor prevalent coronary heart disease; CI, confidence interval

*

Per 1,000 person years

†

Adjusted for age (continuous), race (categorical), sex (categorical) and region of residence (categorical).

‡

Adjusted for model 1 covariates, income (categorical) and education (categorical), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (continuous), hypertension (hypertensive based on SBP, DBP and self-reported use of antihypertensive medications) (categorical),cigarette smoking (categorical), total cholesterol (continuous), HDL cholesterol (continuous), triglycerides (continuous) and use of other medications (aspirin; statins; ACE inhibitors or ARBs) (categorical), BMI (continuous), physical activity (categorical), C-reactive protein (categorical), estimated glomerular filtration rate (categorical), urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (categorical).

§

CHD was assessed using ECG evidence of MI or self-report of MI or revascularization.

‖

Diabetes was defined as blood glucose (fasting ≥ 126 mg/dL or non-fasting ≥ 200 mg/dL) or self-reported use of diabetes medication.