Table 3.
Incidence rates and adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for coronary heart disease events, myocardial infarction and fatal coronary heart disease according to severity of diabetes (insulin use and/or albuminuria) and prevalent coronary heart disease status at baseline
| Prevalent CHD only§ | Diabetes only‖ | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Insulin use or albuminuria or both |
Neither insulin use nor albuminuria |
||
| CHD | |||
| Number of events | 332 | 144 | 104 |
| Person-years of follow up | 16,654 | 8,879 | 13,114 |
| Incidence rate (95% CI)* | 19.9 (17.8, 22.0) | 16.2 (13.6, 18.9) | 7.9 (6.4, 9.4) |
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI)† | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.05 (0.85, 1.28) | 0.52 (0.42, 0.66) |
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI)‡ | 1.0 (Reference) | 0.88 (0.72, 1.09) | 0.53 (0.42, 0.67) |
| MI | |||
| Number of events | 238 | 103 | 81 |
| Person-years of follow up | 16,654 | 8,879 | 13,114 |
| Incidence rate (95% CI)* | 14.3 (12.5, 16.1) | 11.6 (9.4, 13.8) | 6.2 (4.8, 7.5) |
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI)† | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.09 (0.86, 1.39) | 0.59 (0.45, 0.76) |
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI)‡ | 1.0 (Reference) | 0.93 (0.73, 1.19) | 0.60 (0.46, 0.78) |
| Fatal CHD | |||
| Number of events | 132 | 53 | 33 |
| Person-years of follow up | 16,654 | 8,879 | 13,114 |
| Incidence rate (95% CI)* | 7.9 (6.6, 9.3) | 6.0 (4.4, 7.6) | 2.5 (1.7, 3.4) |
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI)† | 1.0 (Reference) | 0.92 (0.66, 1.27) | 0.41 (0.28, 0.61) |
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI)‡ | 1.0 (Reference) | 0.75 (0.54, 1.06) | 0.42 (0.28, 0.62) |
Abbreviations: CHD, coronary heart disease; MI, myocardial infarction; CHD only; prevalent coronary heart disease; CI, confidence interval
Per 1,000 person years
Adjusted for age (continuous), race (categorical), sex (categorical) and region of residence (categorical) for the overall models.
Adjusted for model 1 covariates, income (categorical) and education (categorical), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (continuous), hypertension (hypertensive based on SBP, DBP and self-reported use of antihypertensive medications) (categorical), cigarette smoking (categorical), total cholesterol (continuous), HDL cholesterol (continuous), triglycerides (continuous) and use of other medications (aspirin; statins; ACE inhibitors or ARBs) (categorical), BMI (continuous), physical activity (categorical), C-reactive protein (categorical), estimated glomerular filtration rate (categorical)
CHD was assessed using ECG evidence of MI or self-report of MI or revascularization.
Diabetes was defined as blood glucose (fasting ≥ 126 mg/dL or non-fasting ≥ 200 mg/dL) or self-reported use of diabetes medication