Table 1.
Patient and Surrogate Characteristics
| Demographics | Overall | Family Navigator |
Control | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 26 | 13 | 13 | |
| Patient Characteristics | ||||
| Mean Patient Age | 55.35 (12.62) | 53.27 (14.18) | 57.42 (11.03) | 0.4131 |
| Patient Sex | ||||
| Female | 15 (57.7) | 9 (69.2) | 6 (46.2) | 0.4283 |
| Patient Race | ||||
| African American | 7 (26.9) | 3 (23.1) | 4 (30.8) | 1.000 |
| White | 19 (73.1) | 10 (76.9) | 9 (69.2) | |
| Other | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| DK Refused | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Patient Hispanic ethnicity | 0 | 0 | 0 | n/a |
| Patient Education | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 12.46 (2.6) | 11.5 (1.6) | 13.5 (3.1) | 0.0525 |
| Median | 12 | 12 | 14 | |
| Range | 6 – 20 | 8 – 14 | 6 – 20 | |
| Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (11+) | 21 (80.8) | 9 (69.2) | 12 (92.3) | 0.3217 |
| Surrogate Characteristics | ||||
| Mean Surrogate Age | 48.54 (14.83) | 50.93 (12.01) | 46.16 (17.36) | 0.4233 |
| Relationship to Patient | ||||
| Spouse | 14 (53.9) | 8 (61.5) | 6 (46.2) | 0.8614 |
| Son/Daughter | 8 (30.8) | 3 (23.1) | 5 (38.5) | |
| Grandchild | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Other | 4 (15.4) | 2 (15.4) | 2 (15.4) | |
| Surrogate sex | ||||
| Female | 14 (53.9) | 4 (30.8) | 10 (76.9) | 0.0472 |
| Surrogate Race | ||||
| African American | 6 (23.1) | 3 (23.1) | 3 (23.1) | 1.0000 |
| White | 20 (76.9) | 10 (76.9) | 10 (76.9) | |
| Other | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 0 | 0 | 0 | n/a |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Married | 18 (69.2) | 9 (69.2) | 9 (69.2) | 0.4278 |
| Single | 4 (15.4) | 1 (7.7) | 3 (23.1) | |
| Divorced | 4 (15.4) | 3 (23.1) | 1 (7.7) | |
| Widowed | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Education | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 13.9 (2.7) | 12.3 (1.5) | 15.5 (2.6) | 0.0011 |
| Median | 13 | 12 | 16 | |
| Range | 10 – 21 | 10 – 16 | 12 – 21 | |
| Annual household income ($) | ||||
| Under 24999 | 11 (44.0) | 6 (46.2) | 5 (41.7) | 0.5654 |
| 25–49999 | 7 (28.0) | 5 (38.5) | 2 (16.7) | |
| 50–74999 | 2 (8.0) | 1 (7.7) | 1 (8.3) | |
| 75–99999 | 3 (12.0) | 1 (7.7) | 2 (16.7) | |
| 100 or more | 2 (8.0) | 0 | 2 (16.7) | |
| Not answered (Not determined, refused, Don’t Know) |
0 | 0 | ||
| Depression (PHQ-9) | ||||
| Mean (Standard Deviation (SD)) | 7.2 (5.5) | 9.1 (5.1) | 5.2 (5.3) | 0.0728 |
| Median | 7 | 8 | 4 | |
| range | 0 – 18 | 1 – 18 | 0 – 17 | |
| Anxiety (GAD-7) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 6.2 (5.6) | 8.1 (5.6) | 4.3 (5.2) | 0.0716 (Wilcoxo n) |
| Median | 4.5 | 5 | 2 | |
| range | 0 – 19 | 3 – 19 | 0 – 19 | |
| Health literacy | ||||
| REALM-SF (n)Number correct | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 7.3 (0.6) | 7.4 (0.7) | 7.2 (0.4) | 0.6986 (Wilcoxo n) |
| Median | 7 | 7 | 7 | |
| Range | 7 – 9 | 7 – 9 | 7 – 8 | |
Abbreviations: SD Standard Deviation, PHQ;—Patient Health Questionnaire-9, GAD- Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 item scale, REALM-SF Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine-Short Form