Table 5.

Health-related quality of life in elderly heart failure patients (A) in comparison to community-dwelling elderly (B), and impact of heart failure medication – ivabradine (C, D) vs. beta-blocker (E, F) – on health-related quality of life

Medical outcome	A: heart failure patients (n = 781), mean ± SD	B: community-dwelling elderly (n = 781), mean ± SD	p value: A vs. B	Medical outcome	C: IVA (n = 110), T0 mean	D: IVA (n = 110), T1 mean	p value: C vs. D	E: beta-bloc kers (n = 111), T0 mean	F: beta-bloc kers (n = 111), TI mean	p value: E vs. F
Physical functioning	35 ± 26	67 ± 27	< 0.001	Physical functioning	63.5	77.2	0.001	64.5	72.3	0.01
Role limitations physical	19 ± 34	66 ± 41	< 0.001	Physical role	63.8	78.9	0.001	65.2	74.2	0.01
Bodily pain	66 ± 33	79 ± 22	< 0.001	Body pain	65.4	77.6	0.001	64.7	64.5	0.5
General health perceptions	44 ± 18	60 ± 19	< 0.001	General health	57.2	69.6	0.001	59.1	63.2	0.03
Vitality	40 ± 24	64 ± 19	< 0.001	Vitality	58.2	66.5	0.01	58.4	62.1	0.44
Social functioning	54 ± 31	79 ± 24	< 0.001	Social functioning	56.3	64.2	0.01	59.2	60.5	0.92
Role limitations emotional	51± 45	77±37	< 0.001	Emotional role	55.8	65.3	0.01	59.4	59.8	0.85
Mental health	66 ± 23	75 ± 17	< 0.001	Mental health	55.2	61.3	0.001	55.7	57.1	0.01
Perceived health change	26 ± 24	46 ± 18	< 0.001	Physical component summaries	44.5	49.2	0.01	43.2	45.2	0.52
Well-being	6.3 ± 1.8	7.2 ± 1.4	< 0.001	Mental component summaries	49.7	53.5	0.01	49.9	50.1	0.80
Depression				Heart rate (b.p.m.)	72	63	0.001	72	67	0.01
Depressive symptomsa	39%	21%	< 0.001
Depression scaleb	15 ± 10	10 ± 9	< 0.001

Notes: Columns 1–4: comparison of quality of life – as assessed by the Medical Outcome. Study 36-item General Health Survey (RAND-36) – in 781 patients with heart failure with 781 community-dwelling elderly. Modified from Lesman-Leegte et al.¹¹⁷ Columns 5–11: quality of life improvement – as documented by the SF-36 questionnaire – by ivabradine and beta-blockers in comparison in heart failure patients.

^aCenter for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale ≥ 16.¹¹⁷

^bCenter for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale.¹¹⁷ The bolding is to show those medical outcomes with a significant improvement by ivabradine, but no significant improvement by beta-blocker. Data in columns 1–4 are from Lesman-Lesman-Leegte I, Jaarsma T, Coyne JC, Hillege HL, van Veldhuisen DJ, Sanderman R. Quality of life and depressive symptoms in the elderly: a comparison between patients with heart failure and age- and gender-matched community controls. J Card Fail. 2009;15(1):17–23.¹¹⁷ and columns 5–11 are from Riccioni G, Masciocco L, Benvenuto A, et al. Ivabradine improves quality of life in subjects with chronic heart failure compared to treatment with β-blockers: results of a multicentric observational APULIA study. Pharmacology. 2013;92(5–6):276–280.¹¹⁹

Abbreviations: IVA, ivabradine; SD, standard deviation.