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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 17.
Published in final edited form as: Neuroscience. 2016 Oct 1;339:235–253. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.09.043

Fig. 10. Changes in spinal postural networks underlying effects of acute LHS and spinalization.

Fig. 10

(A–D) Effects of LHS (A,C) and spinalization (B,D) on activity of F-neurons (A,B) and E-neurons (C,D). Zones of the grey matter, in which neurons exhibited a significant decrease in majority of activity parameters are shown in black. The data related to the effects of acute spinalization on F- and E-neurons are taken from our previous study (Zelenin et al., 2014). (E,G) A hypothetical spinal circuit generating motor responses to platform tilts in control (E) and after right LHS (G). Only a circuit related to the right limb is shown. The circuit includes three sub-groups of F-neurons and three sub-groups of E-neurons, differing in their input and output connections. The proposed connections could be mono- or polysynaptic. Designations: interneurons activated by left tilt, by right tilt, and not activated by any tilt are shown in black, grey and white, respectively. Open triangles show excitatory synapses, small filled circles – inhibitory synapses. Continuous and dotted lines indicate connections that persisted or were abolished after spinalization, respectively. F1 and E1 interneurons receive tilt-related afferent input from the ipsilateral limb, from afferents of extensors (E-Aff) or flexors (F-Aff), respectively. F1 and E1 neurons can affect motoneurons of extensor muscles (MNs) through excitatory (F2 and E3) or inhibitory (F3 and E2) interneurons, respectively. (F,E) Responses of neurons of the circuit to tilts in control (F) and after LHS (H). Horizontal bars show the phases of neuronal activity, as well as extensor muscle activity (E-EMG); reduction in the width of bars (H vs F) indicates a decrease in activity after LHS.