Table 2.
Subject demographics for three cohorts
| Average age, range (years) | BPRS | Age‐of‐onset (years) | Illness duration (years) |
Education (year) |
IQ |
Handedness (% right) |
Medication dose (CPZ) |
Current smokers | FTND | DSST processing speed | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cohort A | Patients (44M/21F) |
34.6 ± 13.7 18–61 |
30.7 ± 11.0 | 18.1 ± 8.5 | 21.5 ± 15.1 | 13.0 ± 2.0 | 91.1 ± 15.5 | 90.2 | 400.5 ± 352.2 | 29% | 4.2 ± 2.1 | 55.2 ± 15.7 |
| Controls (61M/79F) |
35.6 ± 14.4 18–61 |
n/a | n/a | n/a | 14.0 ± 2.5 | 97.8 ± 18.5 | 98.0 | n/a | 27% | 4.1 ± 2.1 | 73.5 ± 15.6 | |
| P value | 0.6 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.003 | 0.06 | 0.15 | n/a | 0.9 | 0.3 | 10−10 | |
| Cohort B | Patients (61M/62F) |
35.3 ± 9.5 20–61 |
30.7 ± 9.5 | 18.9 ± 7.8 | 20.1 ± 13.7 | 13.0 ± 2.2 | n/c | 83.0 | 630.5 ± 544.2 | 55% | 5.1 ± 2.3 | 47.3 ± 11.3 |
| Controls (31M/45F) |
40.3 ± 11.9 20–61 |
n/a | n/a | n/a | 14.5 ± 2.5 | n/c | 88.3 | n/a | 35% | 5.3 ± 2.2 | 64.9 ± 11.6 | |
| P value | 0.006 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.001 | n/c | 0.43 | n/a | 0.15 | 0.1 | 10−9 | |
| Cohort C | Patients (50M/13F) |
37.7 ± 12.5 18–61 |
31.2 ± 8.5 | 18.5 ± 7.5 | 19.7 ± 13.6 | 12.2 ± 2.2 | n/c | 87.8 | 453.5 ± 371.6 | 68% | 4.7 ± 2.5 | 51.6 ± 14.9 |
| Controls (27M/18F) |
39.1 ± 13.8 20–61 |
n/a | n/a | n/a | 14.9 ± 2.5 | n/c | 88.1 | n/a | 44% | 4.5 ± 2.6 | 68.9 ± 14.6 | |
| P value | 0.60 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.001 | n/c | 0.83 | n/a | 0.01 | 0.5 | 10−7 |
The severity of psychiatric symptoms was ascertained using Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Medical dose is provided in chlorpromazine equivalent dose (mg/day). The severity of tobacco dependence was ascertained using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTDN). Processing speed measurements were performed using digit symbol substitution task (DSST). IQ data was only collected in Cohort A.