Table 5.

Correlations of the AC-IN scales with self-construal, values, impression management, big five personality traits, and self-esteem.

Measure	M (SD)	α	A	C	AA	AC	CM	CW
STUDIES 1A TO 1C: GERMANY (N = 670, BIG FIVE: N = 476; SELF CONSTRUAL N = 308)
Independent selfa	4.85 (0.68)	0.61	0.46***	0.18***	0.45***	0.33***	0.19**	0.12*
Interdependent selfa	4.30 (0.69)	0.61	−0.17**	0.34***	−0.17**	−0.13	0.26***	0.33***
Neuroticisma	3.81 (1.29)	0.75	−0.40***	−0.06	−0.47***	−0.19***	−0.10**	0.00
Extraversiona	4.82 (1.24)	0.78	0.35***	0.23***	0.37***	0.22***	0.08	0.31***
Agreeablenessa	4.51 (1.22)	0.67	−0.03	0.31***	−0.02	−0.03	0.24***	0.31***
Conscientiousnessa	5.28 (0.97)	0.61	0.39***	0.40***	0.34***	0.33***	0.33***	0.37***
Opennessa	5.26 (1.04)	0.69	0.20***	0.19***	0.13**	0.24***	0.14**	0.20***
Self-esteemc	0.76 (0.17)	0.87	0.56***	0.32***	0.55***	0.41***	0.30***	0.27***
STUDY 2: FRANCE (N = 250)
Agentic valuesa	4.29 (0.81)	0.75	0.36***	0.03	0.31***	0.29***	0.03	0.02
Communal valuesa	5.84 (0.65)	0.76	0.05	0.47***	−0.02	0.10	0.47***	0.39***
Neuroticismb	3.24 (0.79)	0.83	−0.55***	−0.07	−0.56***	−0.30***	−0.05	−0.07
Extraversionb	3.05 (0.81)	0.87	0.48***	0.30***	0.57***	0.26***	0.15*	0.36***
Agreeablenessb	3.53 (0.48)	0.66	0.05	0.46***	−0.02	0.11	0.38***	0.43***
Conscientiousnessb	3.41 (0.53)	0.67	0.38***	0.16*	0.26***	0.38***	0.26***	0.05
Opennessb	3.44 (0.66)	0.80	0.34***	0.17**	0.27***	0.36***	0.17**	0.14*
Self-esteemc	0.55 (0.20)	0.88	0.67***	0.09	0.68***	0.45***	0.11	0.05
STUDY 3: AUSTRALIA (N = 140)
Independent selfa	4.78 (0.73)	0.67	0.41***	0.25**	0.36***	0.34***	0.25**	0.17*
Interdependent selfa	4.87 (0.78)	0.73	−0.14	0.25**	−0.10	−0.10	0.13	0.28***
Agentic valuesa	4.55 (0.97)	0.83	0.32***	−0.07	0.33**	0.21*	0.02	−0.13
Communal valuesa	5.97 (0.69)	0.81	0.01	0.42***	−0.05	0.10	0.35***	0.35***
Neuroticismb	2.82 (0.76)	0.53	−0.30***	−0.02	−0.28**	−0.17*	−0.10	0.06
Extraversionb	3.05 (0.71)	0.68	0.29***	0.27**	0.37***	0.12	0.16	0.29***
Agreeablenessb	3.95 (0.65)	0.71	0.13	0.47***	0.16	0.11	0.28**	0.50***
Conscientiousnessb	3.47 (0.70)	0.64	0.17*	0.15	0.19*	0.09	0.12	0.14
Opennessb	3.70 (0.72)	0.70	0.25**	0.19*	0.21*	0.19*	0.15	0.17*
Self-esteemc	0.70 (0.17)	0.85	0.67***	0.11	0.67***	0.49***	0.24**	−0.03
STUDIES 4A AND B: POLAND (N = 364; SELF CONSTRUAL and VALUES: N = 189)
Independent selfa	5.05 (0.75)	0.73	0.52***	0.21**	0.48***	0.38***	0.15*	0.23**
Interdependent selfa	4.21 (0.85)	0.77	−0.11	0.30***	−0.17*	0.01	0.27***	0.28**
Agentic valuesa	4.76 (1.05)	0.87	0.29***	−0.06	0.28***	0.20**	−0.04	−0.08
Communal valuesa	5.60 (0.85)	0.84	0.18*	0.56***	0.06	0.25***	0.50***	0.53***
Self-esteemc	0.66 (0.20)	0.90	0.70***	0.35***	0.64***	0.61***	0.33***	0.31***
STUDY 5: CHINA (N = 244)
Independent selfa	4.87 (0.67)	0.64	0.41***	0.29***	0.34***	0.35***	0.28***	0.24**
Interdependent selfa	5.31 (0.67)	0.64	0.16*	0.39***	0.12	0.21**	0.36***	0.33***
Agentic valuesa	4.65 (1.07)	0.85	0.26***	0.25***	0.24**	0.22**	0.23***	0.23**
Communal valuesa	5.50 (0.92)	0.88	0.25***	0.50***	0.22***	0.25***	0.47***	0.42***
Self-esteemc	0.63 (0.12)	0.76	0.62***	0.33***	0.59***	0.52***	0.36***	0.23***
STUDY 6: USA (N = 140; IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT: N = 124; SELF-ESTEEM: N = 135)
Agentic valuesa	4.54 (1.08)	0.87	0.21*	0.05	0.15	0.19*	−0.01	0.09
Communal valuesa	5.86 (0.82)	0.84	0.09	0.58***	0.04	0.13	0.51***	0.53***
Agentic IMa	3.42 (0.74)	0.63	0.41***	−0.07	0.39***	0.24**	0.03	−0.15
Communal IMa	3.23 (0.92)	0.69	0.01	0.06	0.08	−0.11	0.08	0.03
Self-esteemc	0.70 (0.19)	0.87	0.57***	0.22*	0.58***	0.38***	0.34***	0.07
OVERALL FINDINGS FOR SELF-ESTEEM (N = 1.803)
Self-esteemc	0.68 (0.19)	0.87	0.64***	0.28***	0.63***	0.48***	0.28***	0.21***

^aScale from 1 to 7.

^bscale from 1 to 5.

^csince original response formats differed (4, 5, or 7-point), we calculated proportional scale values (from 0 to 1) as described in the method section;

^*p < 0.05.

^**p < 0.01.

^***p < 0.001; A = Agency; AA = Agency Assertiveness; AC = Agency Competence; C = Communion; CM = Communion Morality; CW = Communion Warmth; IM = impression management.