Table 1.

Host genetic polymorphisms associations with the immune response and influenza infection.

Host genetic polymorphisms	Function of the molecules
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)	Responsible for the anti-inflammatory response to severe influenza infection
HLA class I	Responsible for the presentation of antigenic epitopes to CD8+
HLA class II	Responsible for the presentation of antigenic epitopes to CD4+ T cells
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in TLRs	Central to antiviral innate immunity
RIG-1	Recognition of double-stranded RNA and contribute to the antiviral state of an infected cell and involved in the influenza virus-specific production of IFN-β.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in cytokine (IFN-g, IL12A, IL12B, IL18 and IL6)	Central to antiviral innate immunity
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in cytokine receptors (IFNAR2, IL1R, TNFRSF1A, IL4R, IL2RG, IL12RB and IL10RB)	Central to antiviral innate immunity
Immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (IGHV)	Responsible for the diversity of the humoral immune system
MX1, IFITM3, IRF7, STAT2, OAS2, and IFI44L	Components of the interferon pathway and innate immunity