Table 4.
Multidrug resistance profiles and resistance genes of CPS and CNS from chicken meat.
| Staphylococcus spp. | Phenoptypic resistance combination pattern | n = antibiotics | n = classes | Resistance genes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mecA | gyrA | grlA | gyrB | cfr | ||||
| COAGULASE POSITIVE | ||||||||
| S. aureus | P, OX, MET, CN, E, DA, TET, VAN, SXT | 9 | 7 | ND | + | + | ND | ND |
| P, OX, MET, SAM, CN, E, DA, TET, SXT | 9 | 6 | + | ND | ND | + | ND | |
| P, OX, MET, CN, E, DA, C, TET, VAN, SXT | 10 | 8 | + | + | + | ND | ND | |
| S. hyicus | E, CN, TE, VA, SXT | 5 | 5 | ND | ND | ND | + | ND |
| P, OX, MET, SAM, SXT | 5 | 2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| P, CN, E, DA, C, TE, VA | 7 | 7 | ND | ND | ND | + | ND | |
| P, OX, CN, E, DA, TET, SXT, CIP | 8 | 7 | ND | + | + | ND | ND | |
| P, OX, ME, CN, E, DA, TE, VA, SXT | 9 | 7 | ND | + | + | ND | ND | |
| P, OX, MET, SAM, E, DA, C, TE,VA, SXT | 10 | 7 | + | ND | + | ND | ND | |
| P, OX, ME, CN, E, DA, C, TE, VA, SXT, CIP | 11 | 10 | + | + | + | ND | ND | |
| P, OX, MET, SAM, E, DA, C, TE,VA, SXT, CIP | 11 | 8 | + | + | + | ND | ND | |
| P, OX, MET, CN, E, DA, C, TET, VAN, SXT, CIP | 11 | 9 | + | + | + | + | ND | |
| P, OX, SAM, CN, E, DA, C, TET, VAN, SXT, CIP | 11 | 9 | ND | + | + | + | ND | |
| S. intermedius | P, OX, SAM, CN, E, DA, C, TE,VA, SXT, CIP | 11 | 9 | ND | ND | + | + | ND |
| COAGULASE NEGATIVE | ||||||||
| S. epidermidis | P, E, DA, TET | 4 | 4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| P, E, CN, SXT | 4 | 4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| P, E, DA, TET | 4 | 4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| CN, E, DA, TET | 4 | 4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| P, Ox, CN, DA, TET, CIP | 6 | 5 | ND | + | + | ND | ND | |
| P, OX, MET, CN, DA, SXT | 6 | 4 | ND | ND | ND | + | ND | |
| P, OX, CN, E, DA, TET, CIP | 7 | 6 | ND | + | + | ND | ND | |
| P, OX, MET, CN, E, DA, TET | 7 | 5 | ND | + | + | ND | ND | |
| P, OX, MET, SAM, CN, E, DA, TET | 8 | 5 | + | + | ND | ND | ND | |
| P, OX, MET, SAM, CN, E, DA, TET, CIP | 9 | 6 | + | + | + | + | ND | |
| P, OX, MET, SAM, CN, E, DA, TET, VAN | 9 | 6 | + | ND | ND | + | ND | |
| P, OX, MET, CN, E, DA, TET, VAN, SXT,CIP | 10 | 8 | ND | + | + | + | ND | |
| P, OX, MET, CN, E, DA, C, TET, VAN, SXT, CIP | 11 | 9 | + | + | + | + | + | |
| S. lugdunensis | E, DA, TET | 3 | 3 | ND | + | ND | ND | ND |
| P, CN, E, DA, TET | 5 | 5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| P, CN, E, DA, TET | 5 | 5 | ND | + | + | + | ND | |
| P, E, DA, C, TET, SXT | 6 | 6 | ND | ND | + | ND | ND | |
| P, CN, E, DA, TET, CIP | 6 | 6 | ND | + | + | ND | ND | |
| P, OX, CN, DA, TET, CIP | 6 | 5 | + | + | + | ND | ND | |
| P, E, DA, C, TE, VA, SXT | 7 | 7 | ND | + | ND | ND | ND | |
| P, OX, MET, CN, E, DA, TET | 7 | 5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| P, CN, E, DA, TET, VAN, SXT | 7 | 7 | ND | + | ND | + | ND | |
| P, OX, MET, CN, E, DA,TE, VA, SXT | 9 | 7 | ND | ND | + | ND | ND | |
| P, OX, MET, CN, E, DA, TET, SXT, CIP | 9 | 7 | ND | + | + | ND | ND | |
| P, OX, MET, CN, E, DA, TET, VAN, SXT | 9 | 7 | + | ND | ND | + | ND | |
| P, OX, MET, CN, E, DA, TET, VAN, SXT | 9 | 7 | + | + | + | + | ND | |
| P, OX, MET, CN, E, DA, TET, VAN, SXT | 9 | 7 | ND | + | + | ND | ND | |
| P, OX, MET, SAM, CN, E, DA, TET, SXT | 9 | 6 | + | ND | + | ND | ND | |
| S. hemolyticus | P, OX, MET, SAM, CN, E, DA, C, TET, VAN, SXT | 11 | 8 | + | + | + | + | + |
| S. hominus | P, OX, CN, E, DA, C, TET | 7 | 6 | ND | + | ND | ND | ND |
| P, OX, MET, CN, E, DA, TET, SXT | 8 | 6 | + | ND | + | + | ND | |
| P, OX, MET, CN, E, DA, C, TET, VAN, SXT | 10 | 8 | + | + | ND | + | ND | |
| S. schleiferi | P, OX, MET, CN, E, DA, TET, SXT | 8 | 6 | ND | ND | ND | + | ND |
| P, OX, MET, CN, E, DA, TET, SXT, CIP | 9 | 7 | + | + | + | ND | ND | |
| S. cohnii | P, OX, CN, E, DA,TET, SXT | 7 | 6 | ND | + | ND | + | ND |
| S. lentus | P, OX, MET, SAM, CN, E, DA, C, TE,VA, SXT, CIP | 12 | 9 | + | + | + | ND | + |
C, Chloramphenicol; CIP, Ciprofloxacin; CN, Gentamycin; DA, Clindamycin; E, Erythromycin; MET, Methicillin; OX, Oxacillin; P, Penicillin; SAM, Ampicillin-sulbactam; SXT, Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim; TE, Tetracycline; VA, Vancomycin; ND, not detected.