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. 2016 Nov 22;7:1728. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01728

FIGURE 7.

FIGURE 7

EMB71/YDA mutations differentially suppress an3-4 mutant. (A) Representative 5-day-old seedlings. Bar = 5 mm. (B) Bar graph exhibiting the difference in the root length. Error bars represent SD (n = 20). The above seedlings in (A,B) grown on solid MS medium with 1% sucrose and 5% glucose, and every kind of seedling have been indicated. Error bars represent SD (n = 17). Heteroscedastic t-test analysis showed significant differences (∗P < 0.05; ∗∗P < 0.01). Experiments were repeated two times with similar results (biological replicates). (C) A proposed model illustrating the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation by the AN3-EMB71/YDA gene cascade. The AN3-EMB71/YDA gene cascade tunes the sucrose levels, which may be as a result of the change of the invertase activity. The change of sucrose levels induces anthocyanin biosynthesis by unknown regulatory mechanisms. On the other hand, the MYB/bHLH/TTG1 (MBW) complex can directly regulate the invertase gene promoter, and in turn lead to the change of sucrose levels (Payyavula et al., 2013). This alternation may cause the change of stability in both AN3 and YDA in the AN3-YDA gene cascade. The solid lines indicate direct regulation, whereas the dotted lines indicate either indirect regulation or regulation in an unknown manner. (D) Bar graph exhibiting the difference in the anthocyanin accumulation between the every indicated seedlings grown under white light conditions on solid MS medium with 1% sucrose. Wild-type in normal is set as 1.0. Error bars represent SD (n = 13). Heteroscedastic t-test analysis showed significant differences (∗P < 0.05; ∗∗∗P < 0.001). Experiments were repeated two times with similar results (biological replicates).