Figure 9.

Photoactivatable multi-inhibitor nanoliposomes (PMIL) enable synchronous suppression of survival pathways following PDT to enhance tumor cell death. Cartoon representation and cyro-electron microscopic (cryo-EM) image depicting a PMIL (A). These PMILs encapsulate cabozantinib (white arrow in the cryo-EM image), a multi-kinase inhibitor of the c-MET and VEGF signaling pathways in tumors (C), that is released upon light activation of BPD (B) in the PMIL bilayer (also denoted by a white arrow in the cryo-EM image in A). Light activation of PMILs leads to reduction of distant metastatic tumor burden in an orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer despite localized light irradiation (D). Figure adapted from Spring et al ¹⁹⁷.