Table 1. Soil physical and chemical properties in study site.

Planting system	Z			Z-C			Z-M			Z-G			System	Rainfall	System* Rainfall
Soil properties	Control	Extreme rain	Sig.	Control	Extreme rain	Sig.	Control	Extreme rain	Sig.	Control	Extreme rain	Sig.
Soil water content (%)	18.63 ± 0.80	30.26 ± 0.15	***	18.81 ± 0.24	30.72 ± 0.71	***	19.42 ± 0.67	31.82 ± 0.61	***	19.14 ± 0.54	30.46 ± 0.69	***	ns	***	ns
Soil temperature (°C)	15.59 ± 0.07	15.51 ± 0.10		15.42 ± 0.09	15.39 ± 0.03		15.90 ± 0.18	15.76 ± 0.06		16.10 ± 0.36	15.67 ± 0.07		ns	ns	ns
pH	7.62 ± 0.02	7.57 ± 0.01		7.67 ± 0.04	7.64 ± 0.03		7.59 ± 0.02	7.56 ± 0.03		7.57 ± 0.03	7.56 ± 0.01		ns	ns	ns
NH4+_N (mg/kg)	4.16 ± 0.41B	5.97 ± 0.66b		3.70 ± 0.14B	7.70 ± 0.61ab	**	6.07 ± 0.86 A	9.18 ± 0.99a		4.31 ± 0.49B	9.04 ± 0.94a	*	*	***	ns
NO3−-N (mg/kg)	17.81 ± 0.45B	9.62 ± 0.59	***	19.86 ± 1.05B	8.71 ± 0.64	**	24.94 ± 0.71 A	10.52 ± 1.01	***	25.19 ± 1.12 A	11.30 ± 0.79	**	***	***	*
DOC (mg/kg)	212.88 ± 1.06B	189.80 ± 4.43b	*	207.07 ± 1.70B	193.22 ± 3.63b	*	237.94 ± 7.07 A	223.27 ± 5.53a		229.37 ± 1.98 A	216.40 ± 4.11a	*	***	***	ns
DON (mg/kg)	55.25 ± 0.49B	52.82 ± 0.80b		56.14 ± 3.09B	53.61 ± 1.14b		64.89 ± 2.25 A	62.04 ± 2.85a		62.83 ± 0.89 A	61.43 ± 2.91a		***	ns	ns

Mixed cultures of Z. bungeanum and G. max (Z-G), Z. bungeanum and M. sativa (Z-M), and Z. bungeanum and C. annuum (Z-C), and monoculture Z. bungeanum (Z).

Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences among control (normal rainfall) treatments; different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among extreme rainfall treatments.

ANOVA was used to assess the effects of extreme rainfall on soil properties. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.