Table 2.
Descriptive Statistics for Mean BMI and Percentage of Children Overweight at 5 Years
| Risk factors | N (%) | Mean BMI (SD) | % Overweight (IOTF)a | % Overweight (UK 1990)b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 535 (54.6) | 16.0 (1.4) | 12.3 | 12.2 |
| Female | 445 (45.4) | 16.1 (1.6) | 19.6 | 11.5 |
| Birth weight (kg) | ||||
| <2.93 | 136 (13.9) | 15.7 (1.5) | 11.8 | 8.1 |
| 2.93–<3.24 | 173 (17.7) | 15.7 (1.3) | 11.0 | 7.5 |
| 3.24–<3.49 | 201 (20.5) | 16.0 (1.5) | 13.4 | 9.5 |
| 3.49–<3.81 | 242 (24.7) | 16.2 (1.6) | 17.4 | 13.6 |
| ≥3.81 | 221 (22.5) | 16.4 (1.6) | 22.2 | 18.1 |
| Missing | 7 (0.70) | 15.3 (0.9) | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Infant weight gainc (0 to 4 months) | ||||
| ≤0.67 SD | 624 (63.7) | 15.9 (1.4) | 13.3 | 9.9 |
| >0.67 SD | 76 (7.8) | 16.8 (1.7) | 23.7 | 18.4 |
| Missing | 280 (28.5) | 16.1 (1.5) | 18.5 | 14.3 |
| Maternal prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| <18.5 | 37 (3.8) | 15.7 (1.4) | 13.5 | 8.1 |
| 18.5–<25 | 541 (55.2) | 15.8 (1.3) | 11.7 | 8.1 |
| 25–<30 | 117 (11.9) | 16.4 (1.5) | 24.8 | 17.9 |
| ≥30 | 47 (4.8) | 17.1 (2.1) | 44.7 | 38.3 |
| Missing | 238 (24.3) | 16.1 (1.6) | 14.7 | 12.6 |
| Paternal BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| <18.5 | 5 (0.50) | 15.9 (1.9) | 40.0 | 0.0 |
| 18.5–<25 | 312 (31.8) | 15.7 (1.4) | 9.3 | 6.1 |
| 25–<30 | 230 (23.5) | 16.3 (1.5) | 20.4 | 14.8 |
| ≥30 | 52 (5.3) | 16.7 (1.7) | 26.9 | 23.1 |
| Missing | 381 (38.9) | 16.0 (1.5) | 16.0 | 13.4 |
| Mother smoked in pregnancy | ||||
| No | 816 (83.3) | 16.0 (1.5) | 14.7 | 11.3 |
| Yes | 144 (14.7) | 16.2 (1.7) | 20.1 | 13.9 |
| Missing | 20 (2.0) | 16.1 (1.4) | 20.0 | 20.0 |
| Ever breastfed | ||||
| Yes | 761 (77.7) | 16.0 (1.5) | 15.4 | 11.3 |
| No | 180 (18.3) | 16.1 (1.6) | 18.3 | 13.9 |
| Missing | 39 (4.0) | 15.6 (1.1) | 7.7 | 20.0 |
a
Determined by the International Obesity Task Force sex- and age-specific cutoffs.
b
Determined by UK 1990 sex- and age-specific growth charts.
c
Change in weight-for-age z-score from birth to assessment time using the World Health Organization 2006 Child Growth Standards.
SD, standard deviation; IOTF, International Obesity Task Force.