TABLE 1.
Bivariate analyses of risk factors for tigecycline-nonsusceptible K. pneumoniae bacteremiaa
| Variable | Tigecycline nonsusceptible (n = 43) | Tigecycline susceptible (n = 43) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Mean age (yrs) ± SD | 70.81 ± 13.87 | 70.79 ± 13.90 | 0.997 |
| No. of male patients | 30 (69.8) | 30 (69.8) | 1.000 |
| Median days (IQR) of hospitalization prior to culture | 14.0 (1.0–35.0) | 7.0 (1.0–16.0) | 0.078 |
| Location at time of culture | |||
| Medical ward | 19 (44.2) | 22 (51.2) | 0.517 |
| Surgical ward | 5 (11.6) | 7 (16.3) | 0.534 |
| Intensive care unit | 8 (18.6) | 3 (7.0) | 0.195 |
| Emergency department | 11 (25.6) | 11 (25.6) | 1.000 |
| Nosocomial infection | 28 (65.1) | 26 (60.5) | 0.655 |
| Healthcare-associated infection | 9 (20.9) | 13 (30.2) | 0.323 |
| Community-acquired infection | 6 (14.0) | 4 (9.3) | 0.738 |
| Infection source | |||
| Respiratory tract | 12 (27.9) | 9 (20.9) | 0.451 |
| Urinary tract | 4 (9.3) | 3 (7.0) | 1.000 |
| Intra-abdomen | 6 (14.0) | 10 (23.3) | 0.268 |
| Skin and soft tissue | 2 (4.7) | 1 (2.3) | 1.000 |
| Intravenous device | 1 (2.3) | 1 (2.3) | 1.000 |
| Biliary tract | 7 (16.3) | 5 (11.6) | 0.534 |
| Primary bacteremia | 11 (25.6) | 14 (32.6) | 0.476 |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Malignancy type | |||
| Hematological | 8 (18.6) | 8 (18.6) | 1.000 |
| Solid | 15 (34.9) | 20 (46.5) | 0.272 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 18 (41.9) | 11 (25.6) | 0.110 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 18 (41.9) | 13 (30.2) | 0.261 |
| Hemodialysis | 6 (14.0) | 4 (9.3) | 0.738 |
| Congestive heart failure | 3 (7.0) | 2 (4.7) | 1.000 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 3 (7.0) | 2 (4.7) | 1.000 |
| Cerebral vascular disease | 7 (16.3) | 6 (14.0) | 0.763 |
| Dementia | 4 (9.3) | 3 (7.0) | 1.000 |
| Chronic obstructive lung disease | 6 (14.0) | 3 (7.0) | 0.483 |
| Collagen vascular disease | 1 (2.3) | 1 (2.3) | 1.000 |
| Transplantation | 3 (7.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.241 |
| Immunosuppressionb | 15 (34.9) | 17 (39.5) | 0.655 |
| Surgery within 2 weeks | 4 (9.3) | 5 (11.6) | 1.000 |
| Invasive procedures and devices | |||
| Central venous catheter | 13 (30.2) | 8 (18.6) | 0.209 |
| Nasogastric/nasojejunal tube | 7 (16.3) | 10 (23.3) | 0.417 |
| Urinary catheter | 15 (34.9) | 7 (16.3) | 0.048 |
| Endotracheal tube | 2 (4.7) | 2 (4.7) | 1.000 |
| Tracheostomy | 3 (7.0) | 3 (7.0) | 1.000 |
| Surgical drainage | 5 (11.6) | 4 (9.3) | 1.000 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 4 (9.3) | 2 (4.7) | 0.676 |
| Prior antibiotic exposure | |||
| First- or second-generation cephalosporinc | 8 (18.6) | 5 (11.6) | 0.366 |
| Third- or fourth-generation cephalosporind | 9 (20.9) | 1 (2.3) | 0.015 |
| β-Lactam and β-lactamase inhibitore | 12 (27.9) | 10 (23.3) | 0.621 |
| Carbapenemf | 7 (16.3) | 4 (9.3) | 0.520 |
| Fluoroquinoloneg | 11 (25.6) | 1 (2.3) | 0.003 |
| Aminoglycosideh | 2 (4.7) | 1 (2.3) | 1.000 |
| Tigecycline | 5 (11.6) | 3 (7.0) | 0.713 |
| Glycopeptidei | 8 (18.6) | 6 (14.0) | 0.559 |
| Metronidazole | 8 (18.6) | 1 (2.3) | 0.030 |
| Median Pitt bacteremia score (IQR) | 3.0 (0.0–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 0.372 |
| Pitt bacteremia score ≥4 | 15 (34.9) | 15 (34.9) | 1.000 |
| Median APACHE II score (IQR) | 22.0 (17.0–29.0) | 18.0 (13.0–23.0) | 0.059 |
Data are presented as the number (%) of patients, unless stated otherwise in column 1. SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation.
Immunosuppression was defined as meeting one of the following criteria: neutropenia, use of corticosteroids, or receiving chemotherapy.
Includes cefazolin and cefuroxime.
Includes cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefepime, and cefpirome.
Includes amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin-tazobactam, and ticarcillin-clavulanate.
Includes ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem, and doripenem.
Includes ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin.
Includes amikacin, gentamicin, and isepamicin.
Includes vancomycin and teicoplanin.