TABLE 1.
Concentration range of antibiotics detected for hospital wastewater samplesa
| Antibiotic | Concentration(s) (μg/liter) |
Method detection limit (μg/liter) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Location H1a | Location H1b | Location H2 | ||
| Azithromycin | 0.18–1.511 | 0.13–1.16 | 0.11–0.72 | 0.0036 |
| Chloramphenicol | <MDL–0.65 | <MDL | <MDL | 0.0378 |
| Ciprofloxacin | <MDL | 8.74–76.44 | 1.72–4.34 | 0.1405 |
| Clarithromycin | 1.29–20.49 | 0.76–72.87 | 0.76–5.11 | 0.0185 |
| Clindamycin | <MDL | <MDL | <MDL–1.43 | 0.0559 |
| Erythromycin | 1.64–8.09 | 0.49–13.71 | 0.3–17.63 | 0.0332 |
| Lincomycin | <MDL | <MDL | <MDL–0.015 | 0.0030 |
| Meropenem | <MDL–0.19 | <MDL–1.01 | <MDL–1.07 | 0.0303 |
| Sulfamethazine | <MDL | <MDL | <MDL | 0.0160 |
| Sulfamethoxazole | 19.90–24.43 | 7.21–28.36 | 0.94–23.92 | 0.0445 |
| Tetracycline | <MDL | <MDL | <MDL–0.82 | 0.1017 |
| Trimethoprim | 8.63–13.83 | 6.61–71.8 | 0.78–11.87 | 0.0155 |
a
H1a, hospital 1, at block A; H1b, hospital 1, at block B; H2, hospital 2, at the mixed manhole (i.e., the main manhole discharging mixed wastewater from the entire hospital); MDL, method detection limit.