. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Curr Obes Rep. 2016 Dec;5(4):397–404. doi: 10.1007/s13679-016-0231-x

Table 1.

Cardiovascular Sympathetic Effects of Manipulating Leptin Signaling in Various Brain Regions

Brain Region	Manipulation	Result	Reference
Arcuate Nucleus	Microinjection of adCre in LepR^flox mice	Impaired RSNA, BAT SNA and BP responses to leptin	[41]
Arcuate Nucleus	Direct injection of leptin in rats	Increased RSNA and MAP	[40]
Arcuate Nucleus - POMC neurons	POMC^Cre/LepR^Flox mice	Resistant to BP response to leptin	[42]
Dorsomedial Hypothalamus	Direct injection of leptin receptor antagonist in rabbits	No significant effect on HR, MAP or RSNA	[49]
Dorsomedial Hypothalamus	Direct injection of leptin in rats	Increased BP and HR but not RSNA	[47]
Dorsomedial Hypothalamus	Direct injection of leptin receptor antagonist in DIO mice	Decreased HR and SBP	[28]
Dorsomedial Hypothalamus	Reactivation of LepR in LepR TB mice by adCre microinjection	Increased HR and SBP	[28]
Paraventricular nucleus	Direct injection of leptin in rats	No effect on HR, BP or RSNA	[47]
Paraventricular nucleus	Injection of antisense oligonucleotide against LepR mRNA in rats	Impaired BP response to direct leptin injection	[48]
Ventromedial Hypothalamus	Direct injection of leptin receptor antagonist in rabbits	Decreased HR, MAP and RSNA only in	[49]
Ventromedial Hypothalamus	Direct injection of leptin in rats	HFD treated animals Increased BP and RSNA but not HR	[47]
Nucleus Tractus Solitarii	Direct injection of leptin in rats	Increase MAP and RSNA	[50]
Subfornical organ	Direct injection of leptin in rats	Decrease in BP	[52]
Subfornical organ	Microinjection of adCre in LepR^flox mice	Impaired RSNA and BP responses to leptin	[51]

Abbreviations: BAT SNA, brown adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity; BP, blood pressure; HFD, high fat diet; HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; RSNA, renal sympathetic nerve activity