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. 2016 Nov 20;8(6):1759091416679073. doi: 10.1177/1759091416679073

Figure 7.

Figure 7.

Diagram depicting kinase pathways activated by gp120. The use of pharmacological inhibitors in axonal transport studies here delineated novel signaling pathways by which gp120 impairs FAT. Gp120 was found to activate, directly or indirectly (dotted line) the MAP3K Tak1. Tak1 in turn activates at least two independent signaling pathways. In one pathway, Tak1 activates the IKK complex through a mechanism that requires PP1 activity and leads to activation of IKK-2. How IKK-2 inhibits FAT is currently unknown and depicted by the dotted line. In the second pathway, Tak1 activates canonical MAP2Ks which in turn, promote activation of both p38 MAPK and JNK. Both p38 MAPK and JNK are known to phosphorylate kinesin to inhibit FAT. (5 Z)-7-Oxozeaenol: Tak-1 inhibitor. DVD peptide blocks conserved docking domains to inhibit certain MAP3K's. Okadaic acid inhibits serine or threonine phosphatases. I-2: specific inhibitor of the serine or threonine phosphatase PP1. Inhibitor XII: a specific inhibitor of IKK-2. MW069A: a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK. SP600125: a specific inhibitor of JNK. SB203580: an inhibitor of p38 MAPK and JNK3.