Table 1. Correlations among Lifetime Mental Disorders and Appraisal Bias Indices.
MDD | DYS | GAD | PAN | SOC | SPEC | PTSD | OCD | CON | ODD | ALC | DRUG | BIAS15 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MDD | |||||||||||||
DYS | .47c | ||||||||||||
GAD | .56c | .38c | |||||||||||
PAN | .60c | .51c | .52c | ||||||||||
SOC | .29c | .25b | .46c | .25a | |||||||||
SPEC | .13 | .16 | .32c | .22 | .25c | ||||||||
PTSD | .58c | .37c | .36c | .41c | .09 | .25b | |||||||
OCD | .04 | .01 | .25 | .24 | −.01 | −.02 | .30a | ||||||
CON | .22 | .31a | .08 | .28 | .18 | .17 | −.04 | −.01 | |||||
ODD | .30b | .03 | .29a | .10 | .42c | −.09 | .31a | .31 | −.02a | ||||
ALC | .18b | .01 | .23b | .12 | .22b | −.04 | .19a | .18 | .42c | .42c | |||
DRUG | .20b | .23b | .21a | .31b | .18a | −.03 | .30c | .22 | .63c | .35b | .62c | ||
BIAS15 | .24c | .12a | .22c | .15 | .13a | .08 | .23b | .00 | .15 | .01 | −.03 | −.09 | |
BIAS20 | .28c | .16a | .36c | .22a | −.02 | .08 | .26c | .01 | −.04 | .16 | −.01 | −.06 | .16c |
N (%) | 220 (27) | 71 (9) | 56 (7) | 24 (3) | 144 (18) | 110 (13) | 48 (6) | 21 (3) | 21 (3) | 22 (3) | 198 (24) | 177 (22) | — |
Note. MDD = major depressive disorder; DYS = dysthymia; GAD = generalized anxiety disorder; PAN = panic disorder; SOC = social phobia; SPEC = specific phobia; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; OCD = obsessive-compulsive disorder; CON = conduct disorder; ODD = oppositional defiant disorder; ALC = alcohol abuse/dependence; DRUG = drug abuse/dependence; BIAS15 = age 15 stress appraisal bias; BIAS20 = age 20 stress appraisal bias. Correlations among diagnoses are tetrachoric correlations. N = number of participants qualifying for a diagnosis.
p < .05,
p < .01,
p < .001.