Table 1.

Variables and Descriptive Statistics.

Variables	M	SD	Source
Dependent variables
Average facility level ADL score of nursing home residents (avg ADL)	17.73	1.92	LTCFa
Average facility level RUG case mix Nursing Case Mix Index of nursing home residents (avg NCMI)	0.84	0.06	LTCF
Explanatory variables
Market characteristicsb
ALF beds/1,000 population 65+	32.33	18.64	VA DSS,c
			U.S. Censusd
Binary indicators using ALF beds/1,000 persons age 65+
No ALF bed capacity (reference category)	0.07	—
Low ALF bed capacity (>0 and <23)	0.23	—
Mid-ALF capacity (≥23 and <37)	0.37	—
High ALF capacity (≥37)	0.34	—
Nursing home (NH) competition (Herfindahl index of beds)	0.38	0.28	LTCF
#home health agencies (HHA) per 1,000 persons age 65+	1.04	1.74	LTCF
Per capita income 2010	38,854	11,736	BEAe
% 2010 population age 65 years or older	14.43	4.17	U.S. Census
% 2010 Black population	20.63	15.05	U.S. Census
Nursing home organizational characteristics
Total beds	117.08	58.19	LTCF
For-profit owned (0/1)	0.71	—	LTCF
Chain member (0/1)	0.71	—	LTCF
Has Alzheimer’s specialty unit (0/1)	0.14	—	LTCF
% Medicaid residents	58.34	21.64	OSCARf
% Medicare residents	18.83	12.87	OSCAR
Number of observations	248

Note. ADL = Activities of Daily Living; RUG = Resource Utilization Group; NCMI = Nursing Case Mix Index; ALF = assisted living facility; BEA = Bureau of Economic Analysis; OSCAR = Online Survey Certification and Reporting System.

^aLong-Term Care Focus.

^bVariables measured for market of nursing home. Market is county or city/county combination as defined by the U.S. BEA.

^cVirginia Department of Social Services for numerator.

^dU.S. Census Bureau for denominator.

^eU.S. BEA.

^fOnline Survey Certification and Reporting System.