Table 8.
Pre- vs. post-test of spatio-temporal gait parameters for exergame and balance group.
| Exergame group | Pre (N = 13) | Post (N = 13) | z | p | r |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPEED [M/S] | |||||
| Single-task normal | 1.13 (0.92; 1.22) | 1.19 (1.06; 1.29) | −1.64 | 0.110 | −0.32a |
| Single-task fast | 1.54 (1.31; 1.63) | 1.49 (1.38; 1.64) | −1.29 | 0.216 | −0.25 |
| Dual-task normal | 1.02 (0.88; 1.18) | 1.08 (0.95; 1.29) | −2.90 | 0.002** | −0.57b |
| Dual-task fast | 1.40 (1.13; 1.47) | 1.45 (1.10; 1.62) | −2.97 | 0.001** | −0.58b |
| CADENCE [STEPS/MIN] | |||||
| Single-task normal | 103.7 (95.9; 109.3) | 106.3 (100.9; 113.3) | −1.78 | 0.080 | −0.35a |
| Single-task fast | 129.7 (114.9; 142.6) | 125.6 (118.48; 134.0) | −0.45 | 0.685 | −0.09 |
| Dual-task normal | 104.4 (94.37; 107.3) | 104.1 (96.8; 116.7) | −2.97 | 0.001** | −0.58b |
| Dual-task fast | 116.7 (106.6; 129.8) | 124.2 (110.3; 131.1) | −1.43 | 0.168 | −0.28 |
| STRIDE LENGTH [M] | |||||
| Single-task normal | 1.26 (1.14; 1.34) | 1.30 (1.26; 1.37) | −1.92 | 0.057 | −0.38a |
| Single-task fast | 1.39 (1.35; 1.48) | 1.43 (1.37; 1.48) | −1.15 | 0.273 | −0.23 |
| Dual-task normal | 1.18 (1.10; 1.30) | 1.21 (1.15; 1.32) | −1.57 | 0.127 | −0.31a |
| Dual-task fast | 1.33 (1.21; 1.39) | 1.36 (1.29; 1.53) | −2.69 | 0.005** | −0.53b |
| Balance group | Pre (N = 14) | Post (N = 14) | |||
| SPEED [M/S] | |||||
| Single-task normal | 1.06 (0.92; 1.25) | 1.12 (1.04; 1.41) | −2.54 | 0.009** | −0.48b |
| Single-task fast | 1.44 (1.29; 1.62) | 1.56 (1.40; 1.78) | −1.98 | 0.049* | −0.37a |
| Dual-task normal | 1.00 (0.87; 1.05) | 1.04 (0.90; 1.24) | −1.54 | 0.135 | −0.29 |
| Dual-task fast | 1.22 (1.16; 1.47) | 1.40 (1.17; 1.54) | −1.98 | 0.049* | −0.37a |
| CADENCE [STEPS/MIN] | |||||
| Single-task normal | 108.2 (100.1; 112.8) | 115.1 (101.1; 116.9) | −2.79 | 0.003** | −0.53b |
| Single-task fast | 133.1 (117.78; 147.4) | 137.4 (129.6; 150.2) | −1.92 | 0.058 | −0.36a |
| Dual-task normal | 101.9 (92.0; 111.8) | 111.1 (99.8; 115.4) | −1.85 | 0.068 | −0.35a |
| Dual-task fast | 115.9 (110.4; 131.7) | 127.0 (117.5; 135.0) | −1.35 | 0.194 | −0.26 |
| STRIDE LENGTH [M] | |||||
| Single-task normal | 1.18 (1.06; 1.34) | 1.29 (1.04; 1.39) | −1.92 | 0.058 | −0.36a |
| Single-task fast | 1.32 (1.11; 1.53) | 1.40 (1.15; 1.56) | −0.91 | 0.391 | −0.17 |
| Dual-task normal | 1.17 (1.02; 1.28) | 1.20 (0.97; 1.34) | −0.79 | 0.463 | −0.15 |
| Dual-task fast | 1.30 (0.93; 1.53) | 1.37 (1.07; 1.42) | −1.10 | 0.296 | −0.21 |
Data from pre-post are median values (interquartile range) as indicated. *Significant within-group differences pre-post (
*
p ≤ 0.05 and
**
p ≤ 0.01) calculated with Wilcoxon signed-rank test (p-values are two-tailed). For effect size r, r = 0.1 − 0.29 indicates a small effect,
a
r = 0.3 − 0.49 indicates a medium effect, and
b
r ≥ 0.5 indicates a large effect. Normal: preferred speed, fast: fast speed. Bold values indicate significance and medium or large effect size.