Table 3.
The effect of childhood socioeconomic status on psychological abuse and physical abuse in childhood (n = 10,325).
| Psychological abuse | Physical abuse | Abuse frequency | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 1a | Model 2b | |
| RR (99% CI) | RR (99% CI) | RR (99% CI) | RR (99% CI) | RR (99% CI) | RR (99% CI) | |
| MEN (n = 4754) | ||||||
| CSES (Tromsø IV) | 1.55 (1.27–1.89)c | 1.85 (1.51–2.25)c | 1.45 (1.14–1.85)c | 1.60 (1.25–2.05)c | 1.51 (1.24–1.83)c | 1.74 (1.43–2.11)c |
| CSES (Tromsø VI) | 1.65 (1.36–2.00)c | 1.88 (1.54–2.29)c | 1.78 (1.42–2.22)c | 1.91 (1.52–2.41)c | 1.70 (1.42–2.04)c | 1.89 (1.57–2.28)c |
| % difference (99% CI)d | 2.65 (−7.67–16.78) | 27.47 (5.95–39.49)e | 13.53 (2.08–25.47)e | |||
| WOMEN (n = 5571) | ||||||
| CSES (Tromsø IV) | 1.66 (1.35–2.04)c | 1.90 (1.53–2.36)c | 1.61 (1.21–2.15)c | 1.82 (1.35–2.46)c | 1.64 (1.34–2.01)c | 1.87 (1.51–2.32)c |
| CSES (Tromsø VI) | 1.94 (1.60–2.36)c | 2.12 (1.73–2.59)c | 1.91 (1.45–2.50)c | 2.07 (1.56–2.75)c | 1.93 (1.59–2.34)c | 2.10 (1.72–2.57)c |
| % difference (99% CI)d | 14.45 (6.20–24.91)e | 17.83 (5.25–32.29)e | 15.73 (5.85–27.41)c | |||
a
Mode 1, Unadjusted.
b
Model 2, Adjusted for age, parental history of psychological problems, exposure to passive smoke in childhood, and living in Norway at age 1.
c
p < 0.001.
d
% difference between the estimate of CSES in Tromsø IV and Tromsø VI.
e
p < 0.01.
Childhood socioeconomic status (CSES) was measured in Tromsø IV study (1994–1995), and Tromsø VI study (2007–2008), while psychological abuse and physical abuse was measured in Tromsø VI study (2007–2008).
RR, relative risk.
CI, confidence interval.