. 2016 Nov 23;7:1828. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01828

Table 6.

Direct and indirect effect (mediated through psychological abuse and physical abuse) of childhood socioeconomic status on mental health, general health, and well-being in adulthood.

		Total effect^a	Direct effect^b	Indirect effect^a	Proportion mediated^a
		β (99% CI)	β (99% CI)	β (99% CI)	% (99% CI)
MENTAL HEALTH (SCL-10)
CSES (Tromsø IV)	Men (n = 4754)	0.18 (0.13–0.19)^*	0.15 (0.10–0.16)^*	0.03 (0.01–0.04)^*	16.43 (10.01–23.16)^*
CSES (Tromsø VI)	Men (n = 4754)	0.26 (0.21–0.30)^*	0.23 (0.17–0.27)^*	0.03 (0.02–0.05)^*	11.72 (8.38–15.46)^*
CSES (Tromsø IV)	Women (n = 5571)	0.28 (0.26–0.36)^*	0.25 (0.22–0.29)^*	0.03 (0.03–0.04)^*	12.12 (8.68–15.09)^*
CSES (Tromsø VI)	Women (n = 5571)	0.38 (0.33–0.44)^*	0.34 (0.30–0.41)^*	0.04 (0.03–0.05)^*	10.33 (7.47–12.32)^*
GENERAL HEALTH (EQ-5D)
CSES (Tromsø IV)	Men (n = 4754)	0.25 (0.22–0.30)^*	0.23 (0.20–0.26)^*	0.02 (0.01–0.03)^*	8.62 (3.89–12.72)^*
CSES (Tromsø VI)	Men (n = 4754)	0.36 (0.34–0.42)^*	0.34 (0.31–0.39)^*	0.02 (0.01–0.04)^*	6.52 (3.31–9.17)^*
CSES (Tromsø IV)	Women (n = 5571)	0.23 (0.18–0.28)^*	0.20 (0.15–0.25)^*	0.03 (0.02–0.04)^*	14.07 (9.02–19.08)^*
CSES (Tromsø VI)	Women (n = 5571)	0.41 (0.35–0.47)^*	0.38 (0.32–0.40)^*	0.04 (0.02–0.05)^*	8.75 (5.98–10.77)^*
WELL-BEING (SWLS)
CSES (Tromsø IV)	Men (n = 4754)	0.38 (0.25–0.48)^*	0.36 (0.23–0.46)^*	0.02 (0.01–0.04)^*	6.46 (4.34–9.76)^*
CSES (Tromsø VI)	Men (n = 4754)	0.53 (0.40–0.64)^*	0.50 (0.37–0.60)^*	0.02 (0.01–0.03)^*	4.73 (2.36–6.65)^*
CSES (Tromsø IV)	Women (n = 5571)	0.53 (0.48–0.67)^*	0.49 (0.44–0.62)^*	0.04 (0.03–0.05)^*	7.38 (5.85–10.33)^*
CSES (Tromsø VI)	Women (n = 5571)	0.65 (0.58–0.74)^*	0.61 (0.53–0.70)^*	0.04 (0.04–0.07)^*	6.82 (5.43–10.17)^*

p < 0.001.

Adjusted for age, parental history of psychological problems, exposure to passive smoke in childhood, and living in Norway at age 1.

Adjusted for age, parental history of psychological problems, exposure to passive smoke in childhood, living in Norway at age 1, and psychological abuse and physical abuse in childhood.

SCL-10, Hopkins Symptoms Check List-10; scale (0–10), where 0 represents perfect mental health, and 10 represents worst mental health.

EQ-5D, Euroqol-5Dimension generic measure of health-related quality of life; scale (0–10), where 0 represents perfect health, and 10 represents worst health.

SWLS, satisfaction with life scale; scale (0–10), where 0 represents highest well-being, and 10 represents lowest well-being.

Childhood socioeconomic status was measured in Tromsø IV study (1994–1995), and Tromsø VI study (2007–2008), while mental health, general health, and well-being was measured in Tromsø VI study (2007–2008).