Table 7.
Role of differential recall bias in estimating total and direct effects.
| % difference in total effectsa | % difference in direct effectsb | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| % (99% CI)c | % (99% CI)c | ||
| MENTAL HEALTH (SCL-10) | |||
| Men (n = 4754) | 32.14 (23.38–43.66)* | 35.75 (26.55–48.04)* | |
| Women (n = 5571) | 26.85 (18.31–37.55)* | 28.31 (19.37–40.52)* | |
| GENERAL HEALTH (EQ-5D) | |||
| CSES | Men (n = 4754) | 30.66 (25.95–40.75)* | 32.21 (28.12–43.24)* |
| Women (n = 5571) | 44.42 (36.52–52.49)* | 47.66 (38.50–57.30)* | |
| WELL-BEING (SWLS) | |||
| Men (n = 4754) | 27.89 (21.94–41.28)* | 29.20 (22.55–42.83)* | |
| Women (n = 5571) | 18.99 (11.67–29.53)* | 19.48 (11.20–31.02)* | |
p < 0.001.
Adjusted for age, parental history of psychological problems, exposure to passive smoke in childhood, and living in Norway at age 1.
Adjusted for age, parental history of psychological problems, exposure to passive smoke in childhood, living in Norway at age 1, and psychological abuse and physical abuse in childhood.
The percentages show the proportion of difference in total and direct effects estimates using CSES in Tromsø IV and Tromsø VI as exposure.
SCL-10, Hopkins Symptoms Check List-10; scale (0–10), where 0 represents perfect mental health, and 10 represents worst mental health.
EQ-5D, Euroqol-5Dimension generic measure of health-related quality of life; scale (0–10), where 0 represents perfect health, and 10 represents worst health.
SWLS, satisfaction with life scale; scale (0–10), where 0 represents highest well-being, and 10 represents lowest well-being.
Childhood socioeconomic status was measured in Tromsø IV study (1994–1995), and Tromsø VI study (2007–2008), while mental health, general health, and well-being was measured in Tromsø VI study (2007–2008).