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. 2016 Nov 23;6:37363. doi: 10.1038/srep37363

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

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Examples of (a,b,c) successful and (d) unsuccessful controlled salinity experiments in carbonates. Plots (a), (b) and (d) show core-flooding experiments (data from ref. 15 (a) and ref. 20 (b,d)). Plot (c) shows a spontaneous imbibition (SI) experiment (data from ref. 21). FMB denotes formation brine, SW denotes seawater, 100dFMB denotes formation brine diluted 100 times; 5dSW denotes seawater diluted 5 times; SW0S denotes seawater with SO₄²⁻ removed; SW3S denotes seawater with SO4²⁻ increased by a factor of 3. Time in plots (a,b,d) is denoted in dimensionless pore-volumes (PV) injected.