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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 23.
Published in final edited form as: COPD. 2013 Oct 15;11(4):451–458. doi: 10.3109/15412555.2013.837870

Table 4.

Adjusteda difference in decline of post-bronchodilator of FEV1 (mL/year) among four symptom groups over follow-up

Symptom group 95% CI p-value vs. reference group
No cough or phlegm Reference Reference
Cough alone (−14, 3) 0.212
Phlegm alone (−5, 12) 0.371
Cough and phlegm (−12, 2) 0.145

NOTE: negative values for difference indicate faster loss of lung function compared to asymptomatic patients.

a

Adjusted for age, gender, current smoking status, previous visit smoking status, race, pack-years smoked, height, randomization group, and BMI as well as the following slope terms: gender, current smoking status.