Fig. 2.

Results obtained from the first part of the simulation study. The plots show the differences in the estimated rejection rates of the null hypothesis “ H ₀:γ _gender=0”, as obtained from the RCG model, beta regression, and M-value regression (10,000 simulation runs). The covariate values of the HNR Study (n= 1,118) were used to generate the linear predictors X ^⊤ γ. Beta values were generated from the distribution of the ratio in (9) using the sample estimates at CpG site cg00786084. High levels of the black and blue lines correspond to a high power of the RCG-based tests. The vertical gray line refers to the null hypothesis H ₀