Table 2. Antibiotic resistance and/or reduced susceptibilities of environmental C. difficile isolated against 15 antimicrobial agents.
| Antibiotic | Clinical breakpoint (mg/L)a | ECOFF (mg/L)b | Isolates with reduced susceptibility (n = 35) b | Resistant isolates (n = 35) a | PCR ribotypes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imipenem | ≥16 | nd | na | 13 (37.1%) | 005, 023, 244, 251, SLO 029, SLO 069, SLO 191, SLO 192, SLO 204, SLO 205, SLO 214, SLO 218 |
| Erythromycin | ≥8 | >2 | 12 (34.3%) | 3 (8.6%) | 005, 014/020, 015, 103, 244, 251, SLO 002, SLO 191, SLO 192, SLO 214, SLO 218, SLO 222 |
| Daptomycin | nd | >4 | 5 (14.3%) | na | 005, 244, 251, SLO 218, SLO 229 |
| Clindamycin | ≥8 | >16 | 3 (8.6%) | 10 (28.6%) | 103, SLO 002, SLO 222 |
| Tetracycline | ≥16 | >0.25 | 3 (8.6%) | 0.0 | SLO 002, SLO 192, SLO 240 |
| Rifampicin | ≥4 | >0.004 | 3 (8.6%) | 0.0 | SLO 229, SLO 240 |
| Tigecycline | ND | >0.25 | 0.0 | na | na |
| Moxifloxacin | ≥8 | >4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na |
| Metronidazole | ≥32 | >2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na |
| Vancomycin | ≥16 | >2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na |
| Fusidic acid | nd | >2 | 0.0 | na | na |
| Amoxicillin | ≥16 | nd | 0.0 | 0.0 | na |
| Linezolid | ≥8 | nd | 0.0 | 0.0 | na |
| Ceftriaxone | ≥64 | nd | 0.0 | 0.0 | na |
| Levofloxacin | ≥8 | nd | 0.0 | 0.0 | na |
abased on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
bECOFF—Epidemiological cut-off values according to EUCAST; na—not applicable