Table 2.
Effectiveness of hypnosis displayed by various comparison groups and study and intervention characteristics
| total number of studies | total number of measurements | sign. effect percentage | |
|---|---|---|---|
| control condition | |||
| hypnosis is better than standard care control | 20 | 45 | 62% |
| hypnosis is better than attention control | 11 | 30 | 53% |
| hypnosis is better than other active treatment | 9 | 30 | 53% |
| procedure type | |||
| bone marrow aspiration | 4 | 10 | 30% |
| lumbar puncture | 2 | 5 | 60% |
| burn debridement or other burn care | 5 | 12 | 42% |
| surgical procedure | 6 | 12 | 75% |
| other medical procedures | 6 | 14 | 69% |
| amount of sessions | |||
| more than 1 sessions | 3 | 5 | 80% |
| 1 sessions | 20 | 50 | 54% |
| intervention length | |||
| 30 minutes or longer | 6 | 16 | 56% |
| shorter than 30 minutes | 11 | 25 | 68% |
| lasting as long as the procedure | 5 | 14 | 36% |
| intervention timing | |||
| presentation days before the procedure | 6 | 15 | 67% |
| pre-operative presentation | 13 | 34 | 47% |
| intra-operative presentation | 8 | 20 | 45% |
Note: sign. effect percentage shows the percentage of measures in which hypnosis groups had significantly lower pain scores than the comparison group in relation to the total number of measures. For the assessment of procedure type, amount of sessions, intervention length and intervention timing comparison groups were attention control or standard care groups.