Fig. 5.

PPD-specific polyfunctional CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses. Bar charts represent vaccination group median values of cytokine producing CD4 T-cells (plot A) and CD8 T cells (plot B) isolated prior to vaccination (PB) and at study weeks 6, 10, 12, 20, 23 and 25. Note that all vaccinated animals received BCG vaccinations at week 0 by intravenous (IV), or intradermal (ID and ID + IT) injection, and that the ID + IT vaccination group received a further intratracheal BCG inoculation at study week 11. Polyfunctional T-cell responses measured in unvaccinated controls are shown at PB and weeks 23 and 25. All animals received aerosol M.tb challenge at study week 21. Shaded areas depict immune responses measured following M.tb challenge. Cytokine frequencies in individual animals are represented by dots. Horizontal bars denote significant changes from mean pre-vaccination values as measured by Wilcoxon signed rank test (p ≤ 0.05).