Table 6.

Examples of general outcomes indicator variables and comparison groups for data collection

Outcomes indicator variables

Potential comparison groups

Hospital length of stay/ Number of hospitalizations and/or ED visits due to potential ADEs of PGx drug and/or disease complication Number of ADEs due to PGx drug. Time to therapeutic PGx drug level. Average therapeutic PGx drug level. Time to stable PGx drug dose. Number of patients with therapeutic PGx drug level upon hospital discharge. Percent time that the therapeutic PGx drug level was in range over first 7, 14, and 30 days of therapy. Proportion of therapeutic drug monitoring levels at extremes. Use of more expensive alternative drug. Duration of more expensive alternative drug.

Comparison between patients with accepted vs. non‐use of PGx recommendations. Comparison between PGx service patients vs. historical controls (in cases of mandatory/ protocol genotyping). Comparison between LOF allele carriers treated with alternative drug vs. PGx drug. Comparison between LOF allele carriers treated with alternative drug vs. non‐LOF allele carriers treated with PGx drug.

ADE, adverse drug event; ED, emergency department; LOF, loss‐of‐function; PGx, pharmacogenomics.