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. 2016 Nov 24;7:1892. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01892

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Copyright © 2016 Kucek, Xu, Nguyen and Angenent.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Production performance parameters for different recycle rates in the forward membrane module during Periods 2–5. The MCC productivity, undissociated MCCA extraction rate, MCC production flux, and undissociated MCCA extraction flux were plotted as a function of the recycle rate. The broth-recycle (flow) rate (bottom axis) and broth-recycle superficial velocity (top axis) are alternative ways to represent the same recycle rate. The square for the production rate represents the productivity (left axis) and production flux (right axis), while plus for the MCCA extraction rate represents the extraction rate (left axis) and extraction flux (right axis). A color gradient was used within the squares for the production rate to show the n-caprylate-to-n-caproate product ratio (green-to-purple, respectively), with blue representing a more equal mixture of these two products. A white font within the squares for the MCC production rate identifies the four different operating periods. Productivity uncertainty is represented by 95% confidence intervals.