Figure 5.

Dormancy affects expression of genes regulating metabolism, stress responses, and innate immunity. Using qPCR, we measured transcript levels of genes encoding (A) adipokinetic hormone (Akh), (B,C) the targets of IIS phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and Brummer lipase (bmm), stress-responsive genes, (D) Neural Lazarillo (NLaz) and (E) Turandot A (TotA), and (F) the immune gene Drosomycin (Drs). Of these bmm, pepck, NLaz, and TotA transcripts increased after 1 week of dormancy (D1) and Drs after 3 weeks (D3). After recovery for 1–3 weeks (R1–R3) from dormancy, transcription of all genes return to levels close to that in the control flies. Data significantly different from the C1 control flies, or between groups indicated with connectors: ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001 (ANOVA followed with Tukey test) or alternatively ^#p < 0.05 (Kruskal–Wallis test followed by pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test). N.S. Not significant. Data represent 6 replicates with 10–15 flies in each replicate, n = 60–90 flies. Results are analyzed with 2^−ΔΔCt method and shown as a fold of expression, normalized vs. expression in newly eclosed (C0) flies. rp49 was used as a housekeeping gene.