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. 2016 Nov 24;7:574. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00574

Figure 4.

Figure 4

qRT-PCR analysis of tissue-specific relative expression levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) across castes of B. terrestris. IGF-1 is part of the IIS signaling involved in reproduction and diapause. It is queen-specific (i.e., absent in workers and males) and lowest in virgin queens (see main text). Data represent mean ± SEM (n = 3–5) of normalized and rescaled expression levels. (A) Heatmap: Log-scale. Bar graphs: Relative transcript levels in (B) linear scale; and (C) log-transformed scale. Significantly different expression levels are indicated by different letters (p < 0.05).