Table 1.
Baseline Sample Characteristics for the Dynamic RT (k=71) and Control (k=63) Intervention Groups
| Characteristic | k | Dynamic RT (n=1305) | k | Control (n=1039) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women, n (%) | 69 | 622 (47.7) | 61 | 477 (45.9) |
| Age, y | 68 | 47.2±19.0 | 61 | 47.2±19.1 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | 71 | 63 | ||
| White | 40 | 775 (59.4) | 36 | 554 (53.3) |
| Asian | 17 | 263 (20.2) | 14 | 227 (21.8) |
| Hispanic/Latino/Caribbean | 13 | 254 (19.5) | 12 | 243 (23.4) |
| Black/African American | 1 | 13 (1.0) | 1 | 15 (1.4) |
| Sedentary, n (%)a | 53 | 926 (71.0) | 47 | 764 (73.5) |
| BP medication, n (% using) | 49 | 177 (13.6) | 42 | 172 (16.5) |
| BP classification, n (%)b | ||||
| Normal | 16 | 242 (18.5) | 12 | 164 (15.8) |
| Prehypertension | 41 | 688 (52.7) | 41 | 587 (56.5) |
| Hypertension | 14 | 375 (28.7) | 10 | 292 (28.1) |
| Health status, n (%) | 65 | 54 | ||
| No CVD‐related chronic conditionsc | 38 | 611 (46.8) | 33 | 446 (42.9) |
| CVD‐related chronic conditionsd | 27 | 499 (38.2) | 21 | 380 (36.6) |
| 1 chronic disease/health conditione | 16 | 280 (21.5) | 11 | 158 (15.2) |
| 2 to 3 chronic diseases/health conditionsf | 7 | 69 (5.3) | 6 | 68 (6.5) |
| ≥4 chronic diseases/health conditionsf | 4 | 150 (11.5) | 4 | 154 (14.8) |
| Chronic conditions reported per sample | 1.9±1.3 | 2.0±1.3 | ||
| Body composition | ||||
| Body weight, kg | 61 | 75.0±11.7 | 59 | 74.1±12.0 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 60 | 26.8±3.4 | 58 | 26.6±3.7 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 17 | 96.9±9.3 | 17 | 96.1±10.0 |
| Body fat (%) | 36 | 29.7±6.9 | 36 | 29.3±7.9 |
| Fat mass, kg | 11 | 26.4±6.8 | 11 | 26.7±7.2 |
| Lean mass, kg | 20 | 50.9±11.2 | 20 | 49.4±11.1 |
| Resting hemodynamics | ||||
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 71 | 126.7±10.3 | 70 | 126.3±9.4 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 71 | 76.8±8.7 | 70 | 76.5±8.6 |
| Mean arterial pressure, mm Hg | 71 | 93.2±8.0 | 70 | 93.2±8.2 |
| Pulse pressure, mm Hg | 71 | 49.4±8.3 | 70 | 49.8±6.8 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 41 | 70.1±6.9 | 40 | 69.1±7.3 |
| Strength and fitness measuresg , h | ||||
| Upper body strength, kg | 18 | 44.5±31.3 | 10 | 43.4±36.5 |
| Lower body strength, kg | 24 | 92.3±58.8 | 16 | 97.3±69.7 |
| Cardiorespiratory fitness, mL/kg per minutes | 24 | 28.6±9.9 | 23 | 29.7±9.4 |
Statistics are summarized as mean±SD, or the number of participants and proportion of the total RT and control samples, n (%). BMI indicates body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; k, number of observations; RT, resistance training.
Participation in <30 minutes of moderate intensity, physical activity on ≤2 days/week;130 in the absence of physical activity data, samples that were reported as “sedentary” were also included.
BP classification published in the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee.131
Samples were free from CVD‐related chronic diseases or health conditions.
Studies that reported CVD‐related chronic diseases or health conditions among subjects (or medications used to treat diseases/conditions) were categorized based on the total number reported in their sample (ie, 1, 2 to 3, or ≥4; ranging from 1 to 5).31, 46
Chronic diseases/health conditions130 were not mutually exclusive (ie, subjects could have 1 or more); health conditions included hypertension, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and obesity, dyslipidemia (ie, CVD risk factors); chronic diseases: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), chronic heart failure, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (ie, CVD or metabolic diseases).
The most commonly reported combinations included: hypertension, MetS, or dyslipidemia with T2DM (see Table S5 for individual study details).
Upper/lower body strength was reported for 25 of 33 RT and 14 of 24 control groups, respectively; only those reported in kilograms (kg) are summarized.
Baseline fitness was reported for 37 RT and 36 control groups; only relative oxygen uptake assessed by peak or maximal tests are summarized.