Table 3.
Multivariable HRs and Incidence Rates of CKD, Dialysis, Readmission, AMI, and Death
| Control | Uncomplicated PCI | PCI With CCA‐AKI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Time to any CKD progression | |||
| No. of patients | 24 405 | 21 652 | 2753 |
| No. of CKD progression cases, No. (%) | 6761 (27.70) | 4130 (19.07) | 1025 (37.23) |
| Person‐years of follow‐up | 100 002.42 | 37 031.22 | 3520.93 |
| Incidence rate of CKD progression/100 person‐years of follow‐up | 6.81 | 11.15 | 28.66 |
| Adjusted HRa (control as referent) | 1.76 (1.70–1.86) | 5.02 (4.68–5.39) | |
| Adjusted HR (uncomplicated PCI as referent) | 2.51 (2.34–2.69) | ||
| Time to incident CKD (among patients with no CKD at time of catheterization/PCI eGFR ≥60) | |||
| No. of patients | 18 530 | 16 649 | 1880 |
| No. of new CKD cases, No. (%) | 5854 (31.59) | 3148 (18.91) | 643 (34.18) |
| Person‐years of follow‐up | 75 121.97 | 28 742.67 | 2669.10 |
| Incidence rate of new CKD/100 person‐years of follow‐up | 7.79 | 10.95 | 24.05 |
| Adjusted HR (control as referent) | 1.78 (1.69–1.88) | 4.99 (4.56–5.47) | |
| Adjusted HR (uncomplicated PCI as referent) | 3.38 (3.09–3.69) | ||
| Time to progressive CKD 4+ (among patients with eGFR <60 at time of catheterization/PCI) | |||
| No. of patients with CKD stage 3 and 4 | 5319 | 4682 | 637 |
| No. of new CKD cases, No. (%) | 812 (15.27) | 897 (19.16) | 266 (41.76) |
| Person‐years of follow‐up | 22 730.11 | 7814.69 | 681.94 |
| Incidence rate of new CKD/100 person‐years of follow‐up | 3.57 | 11.48 | 38.42 |
| Adjusted HR (control as referent) | 2.50 (2.23–2.80) | 8.03 (6.88–9.38) | |
| Adjusted HR (uncomplicated PCI as referent) | 2.96 (2.56–3.41) | ||
| Time to progressive CKD 5 (among patients with eGFR <30 at time of catheterization/PCI) | |||
| No. of patients with CKD stage 4 | 332 | 204 | 128 |
| No. of new CKD cases, No. (%) | 90 (27.11) | 71 (34.80) | 73 (57.03) |
| Person‐years of follow‐up | 1319.53 | 254.64 | 79.38 |
| Incidence rate of new CKD/100 person‐years of follow‐up | 6.82 | 27.88 | 84.40 |
| Adjusted HR (control as referent) | 3.13 (1.99–4.95) | 8.85 (5.41–14.45) | |
| Adjusted HR (uncomplicated PCI as referent) | 2.60 (1.79–3.79) | ||
| Time to first dialysis | |||
| No. of patients | 24 405 | 21 652 | 2753 |
| No. of new dialysis cases, No. (%) | 322 (1.32) | 155 (0.72) | 146 (5.30) |
| Person‐years of follow‐up | 114 341.44 | 43 444.24 | 4990.11 |
| Incidence rate of new dialysis/100 person‐years of follow‐up | 0.28 | 0.36 | 2.65 |
| Adjusted HR (control as referent) | 2.15 (1.72–2.68) | 7.83 (6.24–9.83) | |
| Adjusted HR (uncomplicated PCI as referent) | 4.24 (3.29–5.47) | ||
| Time to first AMI | |||
| No. of patients | 24 405 | 21 652 | 2753 |
| No. of new AMI cases, No. (%) | 267 (1.09) | 3526 (16.28) | 703 (25.54) |
| Person‐years of follow‐up | 114 379.69 | 37 049.65 | 3912.15 |
| Incidence rate of new AMI/100 person‐years of follow‐up | 0.23 | 4.12 | 7.57 |
| Adjusted HR (control as referent) | 12.43 (10.76–14.35) | 21.39 (17.92–25.53) | |
| Adjusted HR (uncomplicated PCI as referent) | 1.41 (1.24–1.60) | ||
| Time to death | |||
| No. of patients | 24 405 | 21 652 | 2753 |
| No. of deaths, No. (%) | 3710 (15.20) | 2444 (11.29) | 771 (28.01) |
| Person‐years of follow‐up | 114 975.79 | 43 594.02 | 5162.94 |
| Incidence rate of death/100 person‐years of follow‐up | 3.23 | 5.61 | 14.93 |
| Adjusted HR (control as referent) | 2.69 (2.52–2.86) | 6.67 (6.12–7.27) | |
| Adjusted HR (uncomplicated PCI as referent) | 2.07 (1.90–2.25) | ||
The Table reports on the incidence rates and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and cardiovascular disease longitudinal end points using time‐to‐event statistics and multivariate Cox's proportional hazard modeling. AMI indicates acute myocardial infarction; CCA‐AKI, cardiac catheterization–associated acute kidney injury; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
HR: adjusted HR from Cox's proportional hazards model adjusting for age, race, current smoker, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, dyslipidemia on presentation, cerebrovascular disease, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, cerebrovascular disease, history of stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, prior myocardial infarction, and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; mL/min per 1.73 m2), New York Heart Association class, indication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedure, status of PCI procedure (elective, urgent, emergent, salvage), and total number of diseased lesions.