Table 1.
Baseline Patient Characteristics by Tertile of the START Score
| START Score | Total (N=171) | T1 (N=56) | T2 (N=55) | T3 (N=60) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 to 9 | 10 to 13 | 14 to 17 | |||
| Age, y | 66±12 | 66±13 | 67±13 | 66±12 | 0.90 |
| Male | 113 (66) | 39 (70) | 33 (60) | 41 (68) | 0.51 |
| Ischemic etiology | 33 (19) | 15 (27) | 10 (18) | 8 (13) | 0.18 |
| NYHA class II/III/IV | 62/101/8 (36/59/5) | 19/36/1 (34/64/2) | 25/26/4 (46/47/7) | 18/39/3 (30/65/5) | 0.22 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 68±14 | 69±15 | 69±13 | 65±12 | 0.35 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 107±18 | 105±22 | 107±14 | 109±17 | 0.45 |
| QRS duration, ms | 159±30 | 144±28 | 159±31a | 171±25b | <0.001 |
| LBBB or RV pacing | 86 (50) | 18 (32) | 43 (78) | 57 (95) | <0.001 |
| Sustained VT/VF | 40 (23) | 13 (23) | 11 (20) | 16 (27) | 0.23 |
| Hypertension | 63 (37) | 21 (38) | 16 (29) | 26 (43) | 0.28 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 54 (32) | 20 (36) | 17 (31) | 17 (28) | 0.68 |
| Laboratory data | |||||
| Hb, g/dL | 12.7±2.2 | 12.5±2.3 | 12.6±2.2 | 12.9±2.0 | 0.74 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.9±0.5 | 3.9±0.4 | 3.8±0.5 | 4.0±0.4 | 0.12 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 27.9±23.3 | 36.5±33.4 | 26.1±14.4 | 21.6±12.6b , a | 0.002 |
| Cre, mg/dL | 1.5±1.7 | 2.0±2.5 | 1.4±1.3 | 1.1±0.9c | 0.02 |
| Sodium, mEq/L | 138±3.7 | 137±3.8 | 138±3.2 | 139±3.7c | 0.04 |
| BNP, pg/m | 700±950 | 965±989 | 626±805c | 520±620b | 0.03 |
| Medication | |||||
| ACE‐I/ARB | 130 (76) | 41 (73) | 39 (71) | 50 (83) | 0.25 |
| Beta‐blocker | 138 (81) | 37 (66) | 44 (80) | 57 (95) | <0.001 |
| Loop diuretics | 142 (83) | 51 (91) | 43 (78) | 48 (80) | 0.14 |
| Spironolactone | 105 (61) | 36 (64) | 33 (60) | 36 (60) | 0.86 |
| Echocardiography | |||||
| LVEDV, mL | 189±90 | 194±91 | 186±68 | 185±107 | 0.84 |
| LVESV, mL | 141±81 | 144±79 | 140±58 | 139±99 | 0.94 |
| LVEF, % | 27±6.9 | 27±6.7 | 25±6.5 | 27±7.3 | 0.18 |
| LVDd, mm | 64±9.5 | 67±9.3 | 64±7.4 | 61±11b | 0.01 |
| LVDs, mm | 55±10 | 58±9.9 | 56±8.5 | 52±10b | 0.008 |
| LVFS, % | 14±5.7 | 14±5.9 | 13±5.6 | 15±5.4 | 0.09 |
| E/E′ | 16±9.3 | 16±7.1 | 16±10 | 16±11 | 0.99 |
| MR index, % | 24±19 | 31±21 | 22±18c | 17±14b | <0.001 |
| TSD, ms | 135±52 | 92±41 | 139±47b | 171±32b , a | <0.001 |
Values are means±SD or numbers (%). ACE‐I indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BNP, B‐type natriuretic peptide; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cre, creatinine; E, early diastolic peak velocity of Doppler transmitral flow; E′, early diastolic mitral annular velocity; Hb, hemoglobin; LBBB, left bundle branch block; LVDd, left ventricular dimension at end diastole; LVDs, left ventricular dimension at end systole; LVEDV, left ventricular end‐diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV, left ventricular end‐systolic volume; LVFS, left ventricular fractional shortening; MR, mitral regurgitation; NYHA, New York Heart Association; RV, right ventricular; T, tertile; TSD, standard deviation of time from QRS onset to first peak on the circumferential strain curves; START, Speckle Tracking imaging for the Assessment of cardiac Resynchronization Therapy; VT/VF, ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation.
P<0.01 versus T2.
P<0.001.
P<0.05 versus T1.