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. 2016 Oct 17;5(10):e003910. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.116.003910

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© 2016 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley Blackwell.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Effects of SO ₂ on TGF‐β1 protein expression and mRNA in MCT‐treated rats. A, TGF‐β1 protein expression in lung tissues analyzed by Western blotting. B, TGF‐β1 mRNA expression of pulmonary arteries in different groups analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. C, TGF‐β1 protein expression in lung tissues analyzed by immunohistochemistry. D, The colocalization of TGF‐β1 and vimentin in small pulmonary arteries by immunofluorescence analysis (×600). E, BMPR‐2 protein expression in lung tissues of rats. Results are expressed as mean±SE, n=8. *P<0.05 compared with the control group; ^# P<0.05 compared with the MCT group. BMPR‐2 indicates bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2; HDX, l‐aspartate‐β‐hydroxamate; MCT, monocrotaline; SO₂, sulfur dioxide; TGF‐β1, transforming growth factor β1.