Table 3.

Estimated Mean Differences in Study Variables Compared to Baseline

Measure	Effect	Normal/Ideal			Borderline			Abnormal			All
		∆	SE	P Value	∆	SE	P Value	∆	SE	P Value	∆	SE	P Value
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg	6 months	0.57	0.65	0.38	−5.63	0.75	<0.0001a	−13.37	1.37	<0.0001a	−3.55	0.50	<0.0001a
	1 year	−0.36	0.66	0.58	−7.19	0.76	<0.0001a	−13.43	1.33	<0.0001a	−4.62	0.50	<0.0001a
	2 years	1.25	0.69	0.07	−4.81	0.79	<0.0001a	−17.32	1.50	<0.0001a	−3.33	0.53	<0.0001a
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg	6 months	0.33	0.42	0.42	−5.24	0.67	<0.0001a	−9.24	1.00	<0.0001a	−2.15	0.36	<0.0001a
	1 year	0.04	0.42	0.93	−5.38	0.69	<0.0001a	−7.21	0.98	<0.0001a	−2.18	0.36	<0.0001a
	2 years	2.10	0.44	<0.0001a	−4.28	0.73	<0.0001a	−8.98	1.10	<0.0001a	−0.79	0.38	0.04a
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	6 months	0.99	1.63	0.54	−10.52	2.04	<0.0001a	−24.01	3.73	<0.0001a	−5.27	1.27	<0.0001a
	1 year	−0.21	1.41	0.88	−11.16	1.82	<0.0001a	−28.45	3.42	<0.0001a	−6.54	1.12	<0.0001a
	2 years	−0.19	1.50	0.90	−11.60	1.93	<0.0001a	−22.95	3.59	<0.0001a	−6.38	1.19	<0.0001a
High‐density lipoprotein, mg/dL	6 months	−3.33	0.56	<0.0001a	−0.25	0.76	0.75	2.41	1.18	0.04a	−1.52	0.43	0.001a
	1 year	−3.68	0.51	<0.0001a	0.60	0.63	0.34	2.71	1.03	0.01a	−1.41	0.38	<0.001a
	2 years	−4.32	0.53	<0.0001a	−0.06	0.67	0.93	1.35	1.11	0.22	−2.19	0.40	<0.0001a
Low‐density lipoprotein, mg/dL	6 months	3.44	1.64	0.04a	−2.33	1.85	0.21	−17.16	1.87	<0.0001a	−4.13	1.10	<0.001
	1 year	1.74	1.45	0.23	−3.54	1.56	0.02	−17.12	1.71	<0.0001a	−5.15	0.97	<0.0001a
	2 years	5.02	1.54	0.001a	−3.43	1.65	0.04	−16.44	1.80	<0.0001a	−3.75	1.03	<0.001
Triglycerides, mg/dL	6 months	3.37	2.27	0.14	−1.11	6.59	0.87	−49.47	8.77	<0.0001a	−0.69	2.26	0.76
	1 year	6.38	2.01	0.002a	−15.76	5.90	0.01a	−75.01	7.02	<0.0001a	−0.69	1.99	0.73
	2 years	3.98	2.13	0.06	−14.47	6.18	0.02a	−84.90	7.61	<0.0001a	−3.18	2.11	0.13
Fasting glucose, %	6 months	1.94	0.67	0.003a	−7.63	1.79	<0.0001a	−19.39	3.08	<0.0001a	0.40	0.65	0.54
	1 year	1.64	0.58	0.004a	−6.67	1.67	<0.0001a	−16.99	3.18	<0.0001a	0.27	0.57	0.63
	2 years	2.25	0.62	<0.001a	−5.52	1.87	0.004a	−9.24	3.62	0.01a	1.09	0.61	0.07
Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI)	6 months	0.02	0.02	0.15				0.00	0.00	0.52	−0.001	0.003	0.79
	1 year	0.03	0.01	0.05a				0.00	0.00	0.16	0.005	0.003	0.06
	2 years	0.04	0.01	0.002a				0.01	0.00	0.02a	0.008	0.003	0.003a
Body mass index, kg/m2	6 months	−0.08	0.11	0.47	−0.32	0.11	0.003a	−0.66	0.13	<0.0001a	−0.33	0.07	<0.0001a
	1 year	−0.18	0.11	0.11	−0.34	0.11	0.002a	−0.95	0.13	<0.0001a	−0.45	0.07	<0.0001a
	2 years	−0.11	0.12	0.39	−0.25	0.12	0.03a	−0.92	0.14	<0.0001a	−0.38	0.07	<0.0001a
Waist‐hip ratio	6 months	−0.004	0.002	0.05a				−0.03	0.00	<0.0001a	−0.009	0.002	<0.0001a
	1 year	−0.004	0.002	0.06				−0.03	0.00	<0.0001a	−0.010	0.002	<0.0001a
	2 years	0.002	0.002	0.52				−0.03	0.00	<0.0001a	−0.006	0.002	0.004a
Healthy diet score	6 months				−0.87	0.07	<0.0001a	0.46	0.05	<0.0001a	0.06	0.04	0.15
	1 year				−0.85	0.07	<0.0001a	0.44	0.05	<0.0001a	0.04	0.04	0.28
	2 years				−0.83	0.08	<0.0001a	0.48	0.05	<0.0001a	0.09	0.04	0.03a
Moderate and vigorous activity, %	6 months	−27.42	4.24	<0.0001a	4.02	4.04	0.29	59.00	9.17	<0.0001a	6.12	3.19	0.04
	1 year	−22.93	4.57	<0.0001a	0.03	3.88	0.99	56.80	9.16	<0.0001a	4.42	3.16	0.14
	2 years	−29.64	4.58	<0.0001a	−1.38	4.00	0.72	63.67	10.20	<0.0001a	2.81	3.31	0.37
AHA LS7 scoreb	6 months				0.13	0.06	0.02a	0.83	0.12	<0.0001a	0.28	0.05	<0.0001a
	1 year				0.23	0.06	<0.0001a	1.04	0.12	<0.0001a	0.40	0.05	<0.0001a
	2 years				0.15	0.06	0.01a	0.99	0.13	<0.0001a	0.33	0.06	<0.0001a

∆ indicates estimated change compared to baseline visit; AHA, American Heart Association; LS7, Life's Simple 7.

^a P values indicate significant changes after controlling false discovery rate at 0.05 level.

^bBorderline: AHA LS7 score between 7 and 12; abnormal: AHA LS7 score less than 7.