Table 1.

Diagnostic knowledge dimensions according to Schmidmaier [7], van Gog [9], Krathwohl [10]

Knowledge dimension	Definition	Examples of knowledge
Conceptual Knowledge - what-	The basic elements one must know to be acquainted with a discipline or solve problems in it.	Knowledge of terminology, specific details, and elements.
Strategic Knowledge - how -	How to execute something; methods of inquiry, and criteria for using skills, algorithms, techniques and methods.	Knowledge of subject-specific skills and algorithms, subject-specific techniques and methods, and criteria for determining when to use appropriate procedures. Knowledge about problem solving
Conditional Knowledge - why -	The interrelationships among the basic elements within a larger structure that enable them to function together.	Knowledge of classifications and categories, principles and generalizations, theories, models, and structures. Knowledge about the rationale behind.
Metacognitive Knowledge - selfcognition-	How to think about thinking; knowledge about cognitive tasks, and self-knowledge	Knowledge about cognition in general as well as awareness of one’s own knowledge. Knowledge about one’s own cognition