Table 2.
Blood cardiovascular risk factors in non-smokers (NSM) and smokers (SM): plasma lipids, oxidized LDL, basal glucose, extra- and intracellular thiol redox state, adhesion molecules and TNF-α
| NSM | SMa | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Triglycerides | (mg 100 ml−1) | 66.4 ± 5.7 | 94.0 ± 7.5 | 0.005c |
| Total cholesterol | (mg 100 ml−1) | 178 ± 7 | 206 ± 8 | 0.016b |
| VLDL | (mg 100 ml−1) | 14.3 ± 1.2 | 23.1 ± 3.1 | 0.012b |
| LDL | (mg 100 ml−1) | 121 ± 7 | 140 ± 9 | 0.094 |
| oxLDL | (U l−1) | 52.9 ± 5.4 | 88.6 ± 13.6 | 0.021b |
| HDL | (mg 100 ml−1) | 44.3 ± 1.8 | 45.3 ± 2.6 | 0.734 |
| Glucose | (mg 100 ml−1) | 79.7 ± 2.8 | 73.5 ± 2.7 | 0.115 |
| HbA1c | (%) | 5.30 ± 0.07 | 5.25 ± 0.06 | 0.590 |
| Homocysteine | (μM) | 9.0 ± 0.5 | 9.2 ± 0.5 | 0.715 |
| Cysteine | (μM) | 7.66 ± 0.32 | 7.47 ± 0.35 | 0.687 |
| Cystine | (μM) | 40.8 ± 1.1 | 43.3 ± 1.2 | 0.126 |
| GSHintracellular | (nmol mg−1) | 15.3 ± 2.2 | 18.3 ± 1.8 | 0.303 |
| GSSGintracellular | (nmol mg−1) | 2.94 ± 0.42 | 2.37 ± 0.50 | 0.397 |
| ICAM-1 | (ng ml−1) | 378 ± 30 | 533 ± 35 | 0.002c |
| VCAM-1 | (ng ml−1) | 791 ± 47 | 726 ± 40 | 0.297 |
| TNF-α | (pg ml−1) | 24.3 ± 4.8 | 22.4 ± 2.0 | 0.717 |
Mean ± S.E.M.; a>15 cigarettes/day for >8 years with nicotine >0.5 mg and tar >6 mg
bfor P < 0.05, cfor P < 0.01. OxLDL oxidized LDL, GSH reduced glutathione, GSSG glutathione-disulphide in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, ICAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule 1, VCAM-1 vascular adhesion molecule 1, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha